---
title: lunch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lunch» in the school dictionary: Lunch is the meal you eat in the middle of the day. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lunch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lunch, you, packed lunch, She, 20 children, he · **What happens:** be, eat, see, take, cost, buy · **To what, where:** meal, middle, time, Lunch, you, food

<!-- .vabout -->
«lunch» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lunch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lunch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lunch is the meal you eat in the middle of the day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:m1:1
# text = Lunch is the meal you eat in the middle of the day.
1	Lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lunch | the meal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | present | you | the meal *not said here* |  | the middle of the day |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lunch is also the time when it is eaten: see you at lunch.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:m2:1
# text = Lunch is also the time when it is eaten: see you at lunch.
1	Lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lunch | the time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | present · passive |  | Lunch |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive |  | you |  | lunch |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lunch is to eat lunch (a formal word).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:m3:1
# text = To lunch is to eat lunch (a formal word).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | lunch |  |  |  |  | eat *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A packed lunch is food you take from home in a box or bag.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:m4:1
# text = A packed lunch is food you take from home in a box or bag.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	packed	packed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a packed lunch | food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | you | food *not said here* |  | home |  | in a box or bag | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent food=Theme from home=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lunch costs 4 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x1:1
# text = Lunch costs 4 dollars.
1	Lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Lunch | 4 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She buys lunch 5 days a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x2:1
# text = She buys lunch 5 days a week.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | present | She | lunch |  |  | day |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
20 children brought a packed lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x3:1
# text = 20 children brought a packed lunch.
1	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	packed	packed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | 20 children | a packed lunch |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent lunch=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After lunch he had 3 cookies left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x4:1
# text = After lunch he had 3 cookies left.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | he | 3 cookies |  |  | after lunch |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | 3 cookies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What's in your lunchbox today?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x5:1
# text = What's in your lunchbox today?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lunchbox	lunchbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | your lunchbox | today |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We play football at lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x6:1
# text = We play football at lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | We | football |  | lunch |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lunch is at half past twelve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x7:1
# text = Lunch is at half past twelve.
1	Lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	0	root	_	_
5	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lunch |  |  | half |  | past twelve | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa took us out to lunch on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x8:1
# text = Grandpa took us out to lunch on Sunday.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take out** | past | Grandpa |  | us |  | sunday | to lunch; out *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands before lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x9:1
# text = Wash your hands before lunch.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  | before lunch |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For lunch the Country Mouse served wheat stalks, roots, and acorns, with a dash of cold water for drink.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunch:x10:1
# text = For lunch the Country Mouse served wheat stalks, roots, and acorns, with a dash of cold water for drink.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Country	Country	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Mouse	Mouse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	served	serve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stalks	stalk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	acorns	acorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | past | the Country Mouse | wheat stalks and roots and acorns |  |  |  | for lunch; with a dash of cold water for drink | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent stalk=Theme for lunch=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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