---
title: lunge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lunge» in the school dictionary: To move forward suddenly and with force, often to grab or attack something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lunge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sudden forward movement, exercise, dog, goalkeeper, We, He · **What happens:** move forward, grab, attack, make, step, bend · **To what, where:** something, lunge, one leg, knees, ball, penalty

<!-- .vabout -->
«lunge» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lunge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lunge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move forward suddenly and with force, often to grab or attack something.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:m1:1
# text = To move forward suddenly and with force, often to grab or attack something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	grab	grab	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move forward** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | forward, suddenly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grab** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **attack** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden forward movement: he made a lunge for the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:m2:1
# text = A sudden forward movement: he made a lunge for the ball.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	forward	forward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lunge	lunge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | a sudden forward movement | a lunge |  |  |  | for the ball | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent lunge=Product for ball=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, exercise — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An exercise where you step one leg forward and bend both knees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:m3:1
# text = An exercise where you step one leg forward and bend both knees.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	step	step	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step** | present | a exercise | one leg |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location leg=Theme |
| 2 | **bend** | infinitive | a exercise *not said here* | both knees |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent knee=Material |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: fencing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A forward attack with a sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:m4:1
# text = A forward attack with a sword.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	forward	forward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog lunged at the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x1:1
# text = The dog lunged at the ball.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lunged	lunge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lunge** | past | the dog |  |  | the ball |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goalkeeper lunged to the left and saved the penalty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x2:1
# text = The goalkeeper lunged to the left and saved the penalty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lunged	lunge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lunge** | past | the goalkeeper |  |  |  |  | to the left | tree rules |
| 2 | **save** | past | the goalkeeper *not said here* | the penalty |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penalty=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did ten lunges in PE.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x3:1
# text = We did ten lunges in PE.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	lunges	lunge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	PE	PE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | ten lunges |  | PE |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunge=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He made a lunge for the last biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x4:1
# text = He made a lunge for the last biscuit.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lunge	lunge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | He | a lunge |  |  |  | for the last biscuit | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent lunge=Product for biscuit=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snake lunged forward to catch the mouse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x5:1
# text = The snake lunged forward to catch the mouse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lunged	lunge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lunge** | past | the snake |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | the snake *not said here* | the mouse |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your back straight when you do lunges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x6:1
# text = Keep your back straight when you do lunges.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	lunges	lunge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your back |  |  |  | straight *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | present | you | lunges |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunge=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fencer lunged and touched her opponent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x7:1
# text = The fencer lunged and touched her opponent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fencer	fencer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lunged	lunge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lunge** | past | the fencer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **touch** | past | the fencer *not said here* | fencer's opponent |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme opponent=Co-Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She lunged for the falling vase but missed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x8:1
# text = She lunged for the falling vase but missed.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lunged	lunge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lunge** | past | She |  |  |  |  | for the falling vase | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **miss** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wait for me!” and with that he gave a lunge into the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lunge:x9:1
# text = Wait for me!” and with that he gave a lunge into the air.
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lunge	lunge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for me | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **give** *in a quote* | past | he | a lunge |  | the air |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunge=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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