---
title: lurch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lurch» in the school dictionary: To move suddenly and unsteadily, like a bus that jolts or a person who nearly falls. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lurch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bus, person, they, I, stomach, we · **What happens:** move, jolt, fall, leave, need, lurch · **To what, where:** someone, help, rail, ship, room, partner · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lurch» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lurch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lurch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move suddenly and unsteadily, like a bus that jolts or a person who nearly falls.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:m1:1
# text = To move suddenly and unsteadily, like a bus that jolts or a person who nearly falls.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unsteadily	unsteadily	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	jolts	jolt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
16	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | like a bus or a person; suddenly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **jolt** | present | a bus or a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **fall** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden jerky movement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:m2:1
# text = A sudden jerky movement.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	jerky	jerky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: leave someone in the lurch — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To leave someone alone when they need help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:m3:1
# text = To leave someone alone when they need help.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **need** | present | they | help |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus lurched forward and I grabbed the rail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x1:1
# text = The bus lurched forward and I grabbed the rail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lurched	lurch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grabbed	grab	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rail	rail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lurch** | past | the bus |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grab** | past | I | the rail |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rail=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship lurched in the huge waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x2:1
# text = The ship lurched in the huge waves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	lurched	lurch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lurch** | participle |  | the ship *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My stomach lurched when I saw how high we were.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x3:1
# text = My stomach lurched when I saw how high we were.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lurched	lurch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lurch** | past | My stomach |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | we |  |  |  |  | high *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car stopped with a lurch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x4:1
# text = The car stopped with a lurch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lurch	lurch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the car |  |  |  |  | with a lurch | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with lurch=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lurched across the room half asleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x5:1
# text = He lurched across the room half asleep.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lurched	lurch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	advmod	_	_
7	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lurch** | past | He |  |  | the room |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across room=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't leave your partner in the lurch — finish your part of the project.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x6:1
# text = Don't leave your partner in the lurch — finish your part of the project.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lurch	lurch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **leave** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your partner |  | the lurch |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent partner=Theme in lurch=Location |
| 2 | **finish** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your part of the project |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality part=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At that moment the ship gave a great lurch forward into the waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lurch:x7:1
# text = At that moment the ship gave a great lurch forward into the waves.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lurch	lurch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the ship | a great lurch |  | the waves | moment | forward *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lurch=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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