---
title: lute — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lute» in the school dictionary: A lute is an old stringed musical instrument with a pear-shaped body and a bent-back neck, played by plucking the strings with the fingers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lute

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lute, minstrel, I, We, bard, Prince · **What happens:** be, shape, play, pluck, use, seal · **To what, where:** old stringed musical instrument, strings, sticky paste, joints, lute, banquet

<!-- .vabout -->
«lute» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lute in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lute.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lute is an old stringed musical instrument with a pear-shaped body and a bent-back neck, played by plucking the strings with the fingers.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:m1:1
# text = A lute is an old stringed musical instrument with a pear-shaped body and a bent-back neck, played by plucking the strings with the fingers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	stringed	stringed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	pear	pear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	back	back	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
23	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	plucking	pluck	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lute | a old stringed musical instrument |  |  |  | with a shaped body and a back neck | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **play** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **pluck** | gerund |  | the strings |  |  |  | with the fingers | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent string=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lute is a sticky paste used to seal joints.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:m2:1
# text = Lute is a sticky paste used to seal joints.
1	Lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	paste	paste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	seal	seal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lute | a sticky paste |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a sticky paste *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **seal** | to-infinitive |  | joints |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joint=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minstrel played his lute at the banquet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x1:1
# text = The minstrel played his lute at the banquet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	banquet	banquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the minstrel | minstrel's lute |  | the banquet |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lute=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lute has a round back like half a pear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x2:1
# text = A lute has a round back like half a pear.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	10	det:predet	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pear	pear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a lute | a round back |  |  |  | like half pear | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Queen Elizabeth I could play the lute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x3:1
# text = Queen Elizabeth I could play the lute.
1	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Elizabeth	Elizabeth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | could | I | the lute |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lute=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard lute music on the museum tour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x4:1
# text = We heard lute music on the museum tour.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tour	tour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | lute music |  | the museum tour |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer music=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lute came to Europe from the Arabic oud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x5:1
# text = The lute came to Europe from the Arabic oud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	oud	oud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the lute |  | Europe | the Arabic oud |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to europe=Initial\_Location from oud=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bard tuned his lute before the song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x6:1
# text = The bard tuned his lute before the song.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bard	bard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tuned	tune	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tune** | past | the bard | bard's lute |  |  | before the song |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Prince sat down and strummed away on the lute \[gusli\].

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lute:x7:1
# text = The Prince sat down and strummed away on the lute [gusli].
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	strummed	strum	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lute	lute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	gusli	gusli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** | past | the Prince |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **strum away** | participle | the Prince *not said here* |  |  | the lute |  | away *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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