---
title: macedonian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «macedonian» in the school dictionary: From or to do with North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans, its people or its language. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# macedonian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Alexander, Skopje, family, Thessaloniki, ancient Macedonians · **What happens:** do, write, speak, be, cross, form · **To what, where:** Slavic language, Cyrillic letters, North Macedonia, Macedonian king, Macedonian army, Asia · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«macedonian» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [macedonian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/macedonian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From or to do with North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans, its people or its language.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:m1:1
# text = From or to do with North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans, its people or its language.
1	From	from	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Macedonia	Macedonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Balkans	Balkan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with North Macedonia | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Macedonian language: a Slavic language written in Cyrillic letters, spoken in North Macedonia.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:m2:1
# text = The Macedonian language: a Slavic language written in Cyrillic letters, spoken in North Macedonia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Slavic	slavic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Macedonia	Macedonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a Slavic language *not said here* |  | Cyrillic letters |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in letter=Destination |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a Slavic language *not said here* |  | North Macedonia |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From ancient Macedonia, the kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:m3:1
# text = From ancient Macedonia, the kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Macedonia	Macedonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Philip	Philip	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From Macedonia, a region of northern Greece.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:m4:1
# text = From Macedonia, a region of northern Greece.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Macedonia	Macedonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alexander the Great was a Macedonian king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x1:1
# text = Alexander the Great was a Macedonian king.
1	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Great	Great	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Alexander | a Macedonian king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Macedonian army crossed into Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x2:1
# text = The Macedonian army crossed into Asia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	crossed	cross	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | participle |  | the Macedonian army *not said here* |  | Asia |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into asia=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Skopje is the capital of North Macedonia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x3:1
# text = Skopje is the capital of North Macedonia.
1	Skopje	Skopje	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Macedonia	Macedonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Skopje | the capital |  |  |  | of North Macedonia | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Macedonian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x4:1
# text = Macedonian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
1	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Macedonian |  | the Cyrillic alphabet |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in alphabet=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's family is Macedonian and speaks Macedonian at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x5:1
# text = My friend's family is Macedonian and speaks Macedonian at home.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My friend's family | Macedonian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend's family *not said here* | Macedonian |  | home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thessaloniki is the main city of the Greek region of Macedonia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x6:1
# text = Thessaloniki is the main city of the Greek region of Macedonia.
1	Thessaloniki	Thessaloniki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Macedonia	Macedonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Thessaloniki | the main city |  |  |  | of the Greek region of Macedonia | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ancient Macedonians spoke a form of Greek.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:macedonian:x7:1
# text = The ancient Macedonians spoke a form of Greek.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Macedonians	Macedonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Greek	Greek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the ancient Macedonians | a form of Greek |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | Greek |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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