---
title: mail — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mail» in the school dictionary: Mail is the letters and parcels sent by post. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mail, system, She, mail carrier, stamp, I · **What happens:** be, send, carry, mail, make, wear · **To what, where:** letters, system, them, Mail, something, armour

<!-- .vabout -->
«mail» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mail in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mail is the letters and parcels sent by post.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:m1:1
# text = Mail is the letters and parcels sent by post.
1	Mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	parcels	parcel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mail | the letters and parcels |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle |  | the letters and parcels *not said here* |  |  |  | by post | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mail is the system that carries them: send it by mail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:m2:1
# text = Mail is the system that carries them: send it by mail.
1	Mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mail | the system |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | present | the system | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **send** | infinitive |  | Mail |  |  |  | by mail | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mail something is to send it by post.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:m3:1
# text = To mail something is to send it by post.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mail	mail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mail** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by post; send *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mail is short for email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:m4:1
# text = Mail is short for email.
1	Mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mail |  |  |  |  | for email; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mail (or chain mail) is armour made of small metal rings, worn by knights.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:m5:1
# text = Mail (or chain mail) is armour made of small metal rings, worn by knights.
1	Mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mail | armour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | armour *not said here* |  |  |  | of small metal rings | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **wear** | participle |  | small metal rings *not said here* |  |  |  | by knights | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She mailed 12 cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x1:1
# text = She mailed 12 cards.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mailed	mail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mail** | past | She | 12 cards |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mail carrier delivers 300 letters a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x2:1
# text = The mail carrier delivers 300 letters a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carrier	carrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	delivers	deliver	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | present | the mail carrier | 300 letters |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each stamp for the mail costs 1 dollar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x3:1
# text = Each stamp for the mail costs 1 dollar.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each stamp for the mail | 1 dollar |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many letters in a week?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x4:1
# text = How many letters in a week?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is there any mail for me today?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x5:1
# text = Is there any mail for me today?
1	Is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	1	expl	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | any mail for me |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I mailed a postcard from the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x6:1
# text = I mailed a postcard from the beach.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mailed	mail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	postcard	postcard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mail** | past | I | a postcard |  | the beach |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent postcard=Theme from beach=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lots of the mail was junk mail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x7:1
# text = Lots of the mail was junk mail.
1	Lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	junk	junk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Lots of the mail | junk mail |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check your mail for the class newsletter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x8:1
# text = Check your mail for the class newsletter.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	newsletter	newsletter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | your mail |  |  |  | for the class newsletter | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent mail=Theme for newsletter=Attribute |
| 2 | **mail** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mail «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight wore a shirt of chain mail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x9:1
# text = The knight wore a shirt of chain mail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the knight | a shirt of chain mail |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shirt=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Tan-ta-ra-ra, tan-ta-ra-ra," sounded the horn, and the mail-coach came lumbering up.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mail:x10:1
# text = "Tan-ta-ra-ra, tan-ta-ra-ra," sounded the horn, and the mail-coach came lumbering up.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Tan	Tan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	tan	tan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ra	ra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
19	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	mail	mail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
29	lumbering	lumber	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ra** *in a quote* |  | Tan |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | past | ta ra ra and ra ra | the horn |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | the mail coach |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **lumber up** | gerund | the mail coach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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