---
title: malacca — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «malacca» in the school dictionary: Malacca, also spelled Melaka, is a historic city and state in Malaysia on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# malacca

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Malacca, Strait, traders, Ships, you, old man · **What happens:** spell, be, make, swap, carry, find · **To what, where:** Melaka, historic city, west coast, narrow sea passage, walking stick, kind

<!-- .vabout -->
«malacca» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [malacca in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/malacca.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name, place — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malacca, also spelled Melaka, is a historic city and state in Malaysia on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:m1:1
# text = Malacca, also spelled Melaka, is a historic city and state in Malaysia on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula.
1	Malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
5	Melaka	Melaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	historic	historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	west	west	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Peninsula	Peninsula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | participle | Malacca *not said here* | Melaka |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent melaka=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Malacca | a historic city and state in Malaysia |  | the west coast of the Malay Peninsula |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: place — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow sea passage between Malaysia and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, one of the busiest shipping routes in the world.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:m2:1
# text = The Strait of Malacca is a narrow sea passage between Malaysia and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, one of the busiest shipping routes in the world.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Strait	Strait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	busiest	busy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	24	amod	_	_
23	shipping	shipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	routes	route	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Strait of Malacca | a narrow sea passage and the Indonesian island of Sumatra |  |  |  | between Malaysia | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A malacca is a walking stick made from a kind of rattan palm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:m3:1
# text = A malacca is a walking stick made from a kind of rattan palm.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	rattan	rattan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a malacca | a walking stick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a walking stick *not said here* |  | a kind of rattan palm |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from kind=Material |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malacca was a busy port where traders swapped spices and cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:x1:1
# text = Malacca was a busy port where traders swapped spices and cloth.
1	Malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	swapped	swap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Malacca | a busy port |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swap** | past | traders | spices and cloth |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spice=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships carrying oil sail through the Strait of Malacca.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:x2:1
# text = Ships carrying oil sail through the Strait of Malacca.
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	sail	sail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Strait	Strait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | gerund | Ships *not said here* | oil sail |  | the Strait of Malacca |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sail=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city is now usually spelled Melaka.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:x3:1
# text = The city is now usually spelled Melaka.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
5	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	Melaka	Melaka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | present · passive |  | the city |  |  | now | usually *property* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme melaka=Manner |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Find the Strait of Malacca on the map between Malaysia and Sumatra.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:x4:1
# text = Find the Strait of Malacca on the map between Malaysia and Sumatra.
1	Find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Strait	Strait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | imperative | you *not said here* | the Strait of Malacca |  | the map between Malaysia and Sumatra |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strait=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man walked with a malacca cane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:x5:1
# text = The old man walked with a malacca cane.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the old man |  |  |  |  | with a malacca cane | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Portuguese and Dutch traders fought over Malacca.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malacca:x6:1
# text = Portuguese and Dutch traders fought over Malacca.
1	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Malacca	Malacca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Portuguese traders |  |  |  |  | over Malacca | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent over malacca=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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