---
title: malaria — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «malaria» in the school dictionary: Malaria is a serious illness that causes high fever, shivering and sweating, and can kill if it is not treated. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# malaria

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Malaria, serious illness, tiny parasite, infected mosquito, mosquito bites, Many children · **What happens:** be, cause, shiver, sweat, kill, not treat · **To what, where:** serious illness, high fever, fever, It, blood, person

<!-- .vabout -->
«malaria» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [malaria in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/malaria.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malaria is a serious illness that causes high fever, shivering and sweating, and can kill if it is not treated.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:m1:1
# text = Malaria is a serious illness that causes high fever, shivering and sweating, and can kill if it is not treated.
1	Malaria	Malaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	shivering	shiver	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sweating	sweat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
18	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Malaria | a serious illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | a serious illness | high fever |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fever=Patient |
| 3 | **shiver** | gerund | a serious illness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **sweat** | gerund | a serious illness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **kill** | can | Malaria *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **not** **treat** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | fever |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is caused by a tiny parasite that gets into the blood when an infected mosquito bites a person.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:m2:1
# text = It is caused by a tiny parasite that gets into the blood when an infected mosquito bites a person.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	parasite	parasite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	bites	bite	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a tiny parasite | It |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | present | a tiny parasite |  |  | the blood |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into blood=Destination |
| 3 | **infect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **bite** | present | a infected mosquito | a person |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malaria is spread by mosquito bites.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x1:1
# text = Malaria is spread by mosquito bites.
1	Malaria	Malaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bites	bite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present · passive | mosquito bites | Malaria |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many children in Africa sleep under nets to stop malaria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x2:1
# text = Many children in Africa sleep under nets to stop malaria.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	nets	net	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | Many children in Africa |  |  | nets |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Many children in Africa *not said here* | malaria |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality malaria=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before the trip, Dad took anti-malaria tablets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x3:1
# text = Before the trip, Dad took anti-malaria tablets.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	anti-malaria	anti-malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Dad | anti-malaria tablets |  | the trip |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tablet=Theme before trip=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malaria gives you a very high fever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x4:1
# text = Malaria gives you a very high fever.
1	Malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Malaria | a high fever | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient fever=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mosquitoes lay their eggs in still water, so people drain puddles to fight malaria.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x5:1
# text = Mosquitoes lay their eggs in still water, so people drain puddles to fight malaria.
1	Mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	drain	drain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	puddles	puddle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
15	malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Mosquitoes | Mosquitoes's eggs |  | water |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in water=Destination |
| 2 | **drain** | present | people | puddles |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent puddle=Source |
| 3 | **fight** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | malaria |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malaria=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists have made vaccines against malaria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x6:1
# text = Scientists have made vaccines against malaria.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect | Scientists | vaccines |  |  |  | against malaria | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vaccine=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You cannot catch malaria by touching someone who has it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malaria:x7:1
# text = You cannot catch malaria by touching someone who has it.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **catch** | can | You | malaria |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malaria=Theme |
| 2 | **touch** | gerund | You *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme someone=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | malaria |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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