---
title: malay — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «malay» in the school dictionary: The Malays are a people living mostly in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore and southern Thailand. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# malay

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Malays, people, Malay, Indonesian, word, We · **What happens:** be, live, describe, do, speak, come · **To what, where:** people, Malaysia, language, form, things, Malay · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«malay» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [malay in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/malay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Malays are a people living mostly in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore and southern Thailand.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:m1:1
# text = The Malays are a people living mostly in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore and southern Thailand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Malays	Malay	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Brunei	Brunei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Thailand	Thailand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Malays | a people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | a people *not said here* |  |  | Malaysia and Indonesia and Brunei and Singapore and southern Thailand |  | mostly *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in malaysia=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malay is the language of the Malay people, an official language of Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore; Indonesian is a form of it.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:m2:1
# text = Malay is the language of the Malay people, an official language of Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore; Indonesian is a form of it.
1	Malay	malay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Brunei	Brunei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	Indonesian	Indonesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Malay | the language and a official language of Malaysia and Brunei and Singapore |  |  |  | of the Malay people | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Indonesian | a form |  |  |  | of Malay | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malay describes things to do with this people, language or culture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:m3:1
# text = Malay describes things to do with this people, language or culture.
1	Malay	malay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Malay | things |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | Malay *not said here* | things *not said here* |  |  |  | with this people and language or culture | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malay is spoken in Malaysia and Singapore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:x1:1
# text = Malay is spoken in Malaysia and Singapore.
1	Malay	malay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Malay |  | Malaysia and Singapore |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «orangutan» comes from Malay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:x2:1
# text = The word «orangutan» comes from Malay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	orangutan	orangutan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | Malay |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from malay=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate Malay satay with peanut sauce.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:x3:1
# text = We ate Malay satay with peanut sauce.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	satay	satay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	peanut	peanut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | Malay satay |  |  |  | with peanut sauce | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent satay=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Malay Peninsula stretches down to Singapore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:x4:1
# text = The Malay Peninsula stretches down to Singapore.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Peninsula	Peninsula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stretches	stretch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Singapore	Singapore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch down** | present | the Malay Peninsula |  |  | Singapore |  | down *property* | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to singapore=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's family is Malay and celebrates Hari Raya.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:x5:1
# text = My friend's family is Malay and celebrates Hari Raya.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	celebrates	celebrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	Hari	Hari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	Raya	Raya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My friend's family | Malay |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **celebrate** | present | My friend's family *not said here* | Hari |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hari=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Malay uses the same alphabet as English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malay:x6:1
# text = Malay uses the same alphabet as English.
1	Malay	malay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Malay | the same alphabet |  |  |  | as English | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent alphabet=Duration as english=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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