---
title: malevolent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «malevolent» in the school dictionary: Wanting to do harm or evil to others; full of hate and spite. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# malevolent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** malevolent witch, malevolent grin, old house, something, dragon, malevolent spirit · **What happens:** want, do, seem, threaten, poison, spread · **To what, where:** harm, malevolent stare, princess, face, malevolent feeling, him

<!-- .vabout -->
«malevolent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [malevolent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/malevolent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wanting to do harm or evil to others; full of hate and spite.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:m1:1
# text = Wanting to do harm or evil to others; full of hate and spite.
1	Wanting	want	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	hate	hate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	spite	spite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | harm or evil |  |  |  | to others | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in stories — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seeming evil and threatening: «a malevolent stare».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:m2:1
# text = Seeming evil and threatening: «a malevolent stare».
1	Seeming	seem	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	threatening	threaten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stare	stare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | gerund |  | a malevolent stare |  |  |  | evil *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **threaten** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The malevolent witch wanted to poison the princess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x1:1
# text = The malevolent witch wanted to poison the princess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	poison	poison	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past | the malevolent witch |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **poison** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the malevolent witch *not said here* | the princess |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent princess=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A malevolent grin spread across the villain's face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x2:1
# text = A malevolent grin spread across the villain's face.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grin	grin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | a malevolent grin |  |  | the villain's face |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across face=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old house had a malevolent feeling, as if something was watching.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x3:1
# text = The old house had a malevolent feeling, as if something was watching.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old house | a malevolent feeling |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient |
| 2 | **watch** | past · progressive | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dragon gave him a malevolent stare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x4:1
# text = The dragon gave him a malevolent stare.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stare	stare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the dragon | a malevolent stare | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient stare=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, a malevolent spirit haunted the mill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x5:1
# text = In the story, a malevolent spirit haunted the mill.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	haunted	haunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **haunt** | past | a malevolent spirit | the mill |  | the story |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mill=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wasn't malevolent, just careless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x6:1
# text = He wasn't malevolent, just careless.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	careless	careless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | malevolent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm clouds looked malevolent and dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x7:1
# text = The storm clouds looked malevolent and dark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the storm clouds |  |  |  |  | malevolent *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Benevolent kings help people; malevolent ones harm them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x8:1
# text = Benevolent kings help people; malevolent ones harm them.
1	Benevolent	Benevolent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	harm	harm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Benevolent kings |  | people |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **harm** | present | malevolent ones | people |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before taking leave of the Baba Yaga, we may glance at a malevolent monster, who seems to be her male counterpart.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:malevolent:x9:1
# text = Before taking leave of the Baba Yaga, we may glance at a malevolent monster, who seems to be her male counterpart.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
3	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Baba	Baba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Yaga	Yaga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	glance	glance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
21	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	counterpart	counterpart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund | we *not said here* | leave of the Baba Yaga |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Theme |
| 2 | **glance** | may | we |  |  |  |  | at a malevolent monster | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at monster=Theme |
| 3 | **seem** | present | a malevolent monster |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive | a malevolent monster *not said here* | monster's male counterpart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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