---
title: mam — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mam» in the school dictionary: Mother; another word for «mum» or «mam». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mam

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, mam, Me mam, Liam, boy · **What happens:** speak, spell, go out, play, make, say · **To what, where:** ma'am, best soup, Cardiff, lady · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mam» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mam in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mam.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK – Wales, the north of England; Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mother; another word for «mum» or «mam».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:m1:1
# text = Mother; another word for «mum» or «mam».
1	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sometimes a spelling of «ma'am» (madam), a polite way to speak to a woman, especially in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:m2:1
# text = Sometimes a spelling of «ma'am» (madam), a polite way to speak to a woman, especially in the USA.
1	Sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ma'am	ma'am	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	madam	madam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to a woman in the USA | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to woman=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **spell** |  |  | ma'am |  |  |  |  | nom spelling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mam, can I go out to play?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:x1:1
# text = «Mam, can I go out to play?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** *in a quote* | can | I |  |  |  |  | Mam *vocative*; out *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mam makes the best soup in Cardiff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:x2:1
# text = My mam makes the best soup in Cardiff.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Cardiff	Cardiff	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | My mam | the best soup |  | Cardiff |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soup=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Me mam says I have to be home by six,» said Liam.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:x3:1
# text = «Me mam says I have to be home by six,» said Liam.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	compound	_	_
3	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	6	xcomp	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	Liam	Liam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | Me mam |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Me mam *= mam* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Me mam *= mam* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by six; home *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Liam |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our mam works at the hospital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:x4:1
# text = Our mam works at the hospital.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Our mam |  |  |  |  | at the hospital | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at hospital=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Thank you, ma'am,» said the boy to the lady at the shop.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:x5:1
# text = «Thank you, ma'am,» said the boy to the lady at the shop.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	ma'am	ma'am	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* *in a quote* | present |  | ma'am | the lady at the shop *= lady* |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the boy |  | the lady at the shop |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to lady=Recipient clause=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I fell over, I shouted for my mam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mam:x6:1
# text = When I fell over, I shouted for my mam.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall over** | past | I |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | I |  |  |  |  | for my mam | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for mam=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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