---
title: mama — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mama» in the school dictionary: Mama is a word for mother, often used by young children or in families; it is one of the first words babies say. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mama

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mama, babies, big mama, мама, first word, baby · **What happens:** be, use, say, mean, word, have · **To what, where:** word, one, first words, Mama, friendly word, large woman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mama» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mama in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mama.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, child's word — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mama is a word for mother, often used by young children or in families; it is one of the first words babies say.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:m1:1
# text = Mama is a word for mother, often used by young children or in families; it is one of the first words babies say.
1	Mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	23	amod	_	_
23	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
24	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mama | a word |  |  |  | for mother | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a word *not said here* |  |  |  | by young children or families; often *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Mama | one |  |  |  | of the first words | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | babies | the first words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mama» or «momma» is used as an everyday word for mum.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:m2:1
# text = «Mama» or «momma» is used as an everyday word for mum.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	momma	momma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Mama or momma |  |  |  | as a everyday word for mum | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as word=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mama» can be a friendly or flirty word for a woman, and «big mama» means a large or powerful woman.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:m3:1
# text = «Mama» can be a friendly or flirty word for a woman, and «big mama» means a large or powerful woman.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	flirty	flirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
25	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Mama | a friendly word |  |  |  | for a woman | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | big mama | a large woman |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French, Spanish, Italian, Ukrainian, Mandarin and many other languages — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«mama» or «mamá» or «māma» also means mother in many languages, because babies easily say «ma-ma»; in Ukrainian «мама» (mama) is the everyday word for mum.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:m4:1
# text = «mama» or «mamá» or «māma» also means mother in many languages, because babies easily say «ma-ma»; in Ukrainian «мама» (mama) is the everyday word for mum.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	mamá	mamá	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	māma	māma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	ma	ma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	ma	ma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
31	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	мама	мама	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
34	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	35	punct	_	_
37	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
41	for	for	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | mama or mamá or māma | mother |  |  |  | in many languages | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot mother=Theme in language=Attribute |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | babies |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | мама | the everyday word |  | Ukrainian |  | for mum | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby's first word was «mama».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x1:1
# text = The baby's first word was «mama».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the baby's first word | mama |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **word** |  | the baby |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mama, can I have a biscuit?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x2:1
# text = «Mama, can I have a biscuit?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | can | I | Mama |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, Mama Bear's porridge was too cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x3:1
# text = In the story, Mama Bear's porridge was too cold.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Mama	Mama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	Bear	Bear	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
8	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Mama's porridge |  |  | the story |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Ukrainian) «Мама» (mama) means mum in Ukrainian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x4:1
# text = (Ukrainian) «Мама» (mama) means mum in Ukrainian.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Мама	Мама	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ukrainian Мама | mum |  |  |  | in Ukrainian | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot mum=Theme in ukrainian=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Mandarin) «māma» means mum in Chinese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x5:1
# text = (Mandarin) «māma» means mum in Chinese.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	māma	māma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	NNP	_	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | māma | Mandarin |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot mum=Theme in chinese=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) He's a real mama's boy who does everything his mum says.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x6:1
# text = (informal) He's a real mama's boy who does everything his mum says.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	12	obj	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | informal | a real mama's boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | a real mama's boy | everything |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | boy's mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mamma mia!» shouted the chef when the pizza burned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x7:1
# text = «Mamma mia!» shouted the chef when the pizza burned.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mamma	Mamma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Mamma | the chef |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chef=Topic |
| 2 | **burn** | past | the pizza |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend calls her mother Mama, and I call mine Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x8:1
# text = My friend calls her mother Mama, and I call mine Mum.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Mama	mama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	mine	mine	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present | My friend | friend's mother Mama |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mama=Recipient |
| 2 | **call** | present | I |  | mine Mum |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mama purchased thirty copies of the paper, that she might cut out the paragraph and send it to friends and acquaintances.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mama:x9:1
# text = Mama purchased thirty copies of the paper, that she might cut out the paragraph and send it to friends and acquaintances.
1	Mama	Mama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	acquaintances	acquaintance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **purchase** | past | Mama | thirty copies of the paper |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme |
| 2 | **cut out** | might | Mama | the paragraph |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector paragraph=Eventuality |
| 3 | **send** | infinitive | Mama *not said here* | paragraph | friends and acquaintances |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to friend=Destination |
| 4 | **copy** |  |  | the paper |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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