---
title: mammal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mammal» in the school dictionary: A mammal is an animal that has hair or fur, breathes air and feeds its babies with milk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mammal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mammal, animal, Most mammals, Dogs, whale, Mammals · **What happens:** be, have, breathe, feed, give, lay · **To what, where:** animal, hair, air, babies, birth, live babies

<!-- .vabout -->
«mammal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mammal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mammal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mammal is an animal that has hair or fur, breathes air and feeds its babies with milk.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:m1:1
# text = A mammal is an animal that has hair or fur, breathes air and feeds its babies with milk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	breathes	breathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	feeds	feed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mammal | a animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | a animal | hair or fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |
| 3 | **breathe** | present | a animal *not said here* | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 4 | **feed** | present | a animal *not said here* | mammal's babies |  |  |  | with milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most mammals give birth to live babies instead of laying eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:m2:1
# text = Most mammals give birth to live babies instead of laying eggs.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Most mammals | birth | live babies |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient |
| 2 | **lay** | gerund | Most mammals *not said here* | eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dogs, horses and people are all mammals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x1:1
# text = Dogs, horses and people are all mammals.
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dogs and horses and people | mammals |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whale is a mammal, not a fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x2:1
# text = A whale is a mammal, not a fish.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a whale | a mammal |  |  |  | a fish *nmod* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mammals feed their babies with milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x3:1
# text = Mammals feed their babies with milk.
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | present | Mammals | Mammals's babies |  |  |  | with milk | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The blue whale is the largest mammal ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x4:1
# text = The blue whale is the largest mammal ever.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the blue whale | the largest mammal |  |  | ever |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats are the only mammals that can fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x5:1
# text = Bats are the only mammals that can fly.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bats | the only mammals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | can | the only mammals |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The platypus is a mammal that lays eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x6:1
# text = The platypus is a mammal that lays eggs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lays	lay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the platypus | a mammal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lay** | present | a mammal | eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mammals have hair or fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x7:1
# text = Mammals have hair or fur.
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Mammals | hair or fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kangaroo is a mammal that carries its baby in a pouch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mammal:x8:1
# text = A kangaroo is a mammal that carries its baby in a pouch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kangaroo | a mammal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | present | a mammal | kangaroo's baby |  | a pouch |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent baby=Value in pouch=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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