---
title: mandarin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mandarin» in the school dictionary: A mandarin is a small, sweet orange fruit that is easy to peel. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mandarin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mandarin, small sweet orange fruit, I, Mandarins, She, hundreds · **What happens:** be, peel, speak, have, help, run · **To what, where:** small sweet orange fruit, main form, language, important official, history, mandarin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mandarin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mandarin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mandarin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mandarin is a small, sweet orange fruit that is easy to peel.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:m1:1
# text = A mandarin is a small, sweet orange fruit that is easy to peel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	peel	peel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mandarin | a small sweet orange fruit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a small sweet orange fruit |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **peel** | to-infinitive | a small sweet orange fruit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mandarin (with a capital M) is the main form of Chinese, the language spoken by the most people in the world as a first language.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:m2:1
# text = Mandarin (with a capital M) is the main form of Chinese, the language spoken by the most people in the world as a first language.
1	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	M	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	NNP	_	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	21	amod	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:agent	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	28	amod	_	_
28	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mandarin | the main form and the language |  |  |  | of Chinese | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the language *not said here* |  |  |  | as a first language | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, a mandarin was an important official in old China.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:m3:1
# text = In history, a mandarin was an important official in old China.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	official	official	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a mandarin | a important official |  | history |  | in old China | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a mandarin in my lunchbox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x1:1
# text = I have a mandarin in my lunchbox.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	lunchbox	lunchbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a mandarin |  | my lunchbox |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mandarin=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mandarins are easy to peel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x2:1
# text = Mandarins are easy to peel.
1	Mandarins	mandarin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	peel	peel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mandarins |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **peel** | to-infinitive | Mandarins *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She can speak Mandarin and English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x3:1
# text = She can speak Mandarin and English.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | can | She | Mandarin and English |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mandarin is spoken by hundreds of millions of people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x4:1
# text = Mandarin is spoken by hundreds of millions of people.
1	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | hundreds of millions of people | Mandarin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mandarin has about ten segments inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x5:1
# text = A mandarin has about ten segments inside.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	segments	segment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a mandarin | ten segments |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent segment=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ancient China, mandarins helped run the empire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x6:1
# text = In ancient China, mandarins helped run the empire.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	mandarins	mandarin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | mandarins |  |  | ancient China |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | infinitive | mandarins *not said here* | the empire |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme empire=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Satsumas are a type of mandarin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x7:1
# text = Satsumas are a type of mandarin.
1	Satsumas	satsuma	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mandarin	mandarin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Satsumas | a type |  |  |  | of mandarin | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We shared a bag of mandarins on the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandarin:x8:1
# text = We shared a bag of mandarins on the trip.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mandarins	mandarin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | We | a bag of mandarins on the trip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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