---
title: mandate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mandate» in the school dictionary: A mandate is the authority given to a government or leader by voters to carry out their plans: the party won a strong mandate. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mandate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mandate, party, voters, rule, country, new government · **What happens:** be, give, carry out, win, plan, say · **To what, where:** authority, plans, strong mandate, official order, something, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mandate» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mandate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mandate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, politics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mandate is the authority given to a government or leader by voters to carry out their plans: the party won a strong mandate.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:m1:1
# text = A mandate is the authority given to a government or leader by voters to carry out their plans: the party won a strong mandate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mandate | the authority |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | the authority *not said here* |  |  |  | by voters | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **carry out** | to-infinitive |  | voters's plans |  |  |  |  | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Eventuality |
| 4 | **win** | past | the party | a strong mandate |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mandate=Eventuality |
| 5 | **plan** |  | voters *= voter* |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mandate is an official order or rule saying something must be done: a mask mandate.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:m2:1
# text = A mandate is an official order or rule saying something must be done: a mask mandate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
11	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	mask	mask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mandate | a official order or rule and a mask mandate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | rule *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | must · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mandate something is to order it officially or make it a rule.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:m3:1
# text = To mandate something is to order it officially or make it a rule.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mandate	mandate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	order	order	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mandate** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | officially, order *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary rule=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mandate was a territory that the League of Nations put under another country's rule.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:m4:1
# text = A mandate was a territory that the League of Nations put under another country's rule.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	League	League	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	under	under	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a mandate | a territory |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | participle · passive |  | a territory |  | another country's rule |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme under rule=Destination |
| 3 | **rule** |  | another country |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new government says it has a mandate to build more homes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:x1:1
# text = The new government says it has a mandate to build more homes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the new government |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | government | a mandate |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mandate=Patient |
| 3 | **build** | to-infinitive | government *not said here* | more homes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset home=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school mandated that everyone wear a helmet on bikes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:x2:1
# text = The school mandated that everyone wear a helmet on bikes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mandated	mandate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mandate** | past | the school |  |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wear** | present | everyone | a helmet |  | bikes |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voters gave the president a strong mandate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:x3:1
# text = Voters gave the president a strong mandate.
1	Voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Voters | a strong mandate | the president |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent president=Recipient mandate=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seat belts in cars are mandated by law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:x4:1
# text = Seat belts in cars are mandated by law.
1	Seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	belts	belt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	mandated	mandate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mandate** | present · passive | law | Seat belts in cars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The British ruled Palestine under a mandate after the First World War.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:x5:1
# text = The British ruled Palestine under a mandate after the First World War.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Palestine	Palestine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	First	First	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
11	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the British | Palestine |  | a mandate | after the First World War |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent palestine=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(money) Dad signed a mandate so the gym could take money from his bank each month.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mandate:x6:1
# text = (money) Dad signed a mandate so the gym could take money from his bank each month.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mandate	mandate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | money | a mandate |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent mandate=Destination |
| 2 | **take** | could | the gym | money |  | money's bank | month |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent money=Theme from bank=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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