---
title: manga — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «manga» in the school dictionary: Japanese comics and graphic novels, usually read from right to left, with a special drawing style (big eyes, speed lines). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/manga/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/) / manga

# manga

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cousin, library, we, Many popular cartoons, She, Manga · **What happens:** read, leave, have, draw, start, save up · **To what, where:** Japanese comics, right, new manga, Manga books, whole shelf, cat

<!-- .vabout -->
«manga» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [manga in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/manga.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japanese comics and graphic novels, usually read from right to left, with a special drawing style (big eyes, speed lines).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:m1:1
# text = Japanese comics and graphic novels, usually read from right to left, with a special drawing style (big eyes, speed lines).
1	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	graphic	graphic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	novels	novel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | participle |  | Japanese comics and graphic novels *not said here* |  | right |  | usually *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from right=Source |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a special drawing style | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with style=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drawing style of these comics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:m2:1
# text = The drawing style of these comics.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin reads a new manga every week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x1:1
# text = My cousin reads a new manga every week.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | My cousin | a new manga |  |  | week |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manga=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Manga books are read from right to left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x2:1
# text = Manga books are read from right to left.
1	Manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · passive |  | Manga books |  | right |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Topic from right=Source |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our library has a whole shelf of manga.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x3:1
# text = Our library has a whole shelf of manga.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our library | a whole shelf of manga |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelf=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In art we drew a cat in manga style with big shiny eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x4:1
# text = In art we drew a cat in manga style with big shiny eyes.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | we | a cat |  | art |  | in manga style with big shiny eyes | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cat=Theme in art=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many popular cartoons started as manga.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x5:1
# text = Many popular cartoons started as manga.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Many popular cartoons |  |  |  |  | as manga | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is saving up for the next volume of her manga series.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x6:1
# text = She is saving up for the next volume of her manga series.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	saving	save	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save up** | present · progressive | She |  |  |  |  | for the next volume of her manga series | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent for volume=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Manga» is a Japanese loanword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x7:1
# text = «Manga» is a Japanese loanword.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	loanword	loanword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Manga | a Japanese loanword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check the age rating, because some manga are for adults.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manga:x8:1
# text = Check the age rating, because some manga are for adults.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	rating	rating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	manga	manga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the age rating |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rating=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | some manga |  |  |  |  | for adults | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [manfully](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/manfully/)
- next →: [mange](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/mange/)
- ↑ back to [M in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/)