---
title: mange — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mange» in the school dictionary: A skin disease of dogs, foxes, cats and other animals, caused by tiny mites; it makes the fur fall out and the skin itchy and sore. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mange

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tiny mites, disease, fur, poor fox, vet, dog · **What happens:** cause, make, fall out, have, lose, give · **To what, where:** skin disease, mange, most, foxes, old jumper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mange» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mange in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mange.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A skin disease of dogs, foxes, cats and other animals, caused by tiny mites; it makes the fur fall out and the skin itchy and sore.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:m1:1
# text = A skin disease of dogs, foxes, cats and other animals, caused by tiny mites; it makes the fur fall out and the skin itchy and sore.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	mites	mite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
24	out	out	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	itchy	itchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle · passive | tiny mites | a skin disease of dogs and foxes and cats and other animals |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | disease |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall out** | infinitive | the fur |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poor fox had mange and had lost most of its fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x1:1
# text = The poor fox had mange and had lost most of its fur.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
9	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the poor fox | mange |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mange=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past · perfect | the poor fox *not said here* | most of fox's fur |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vet gave our dog drops to cure his mange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x2:1
# text = The vet gave our dog drops to cure his mange.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	drops	drop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cure	cure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the vet |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drop** | present | our dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cure** | to-infinitive | our dog *not said here* | dog's mange |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer mange=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mange is caused by tiny mites in the skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x3:1
# text = Mange is caused by tiny mites in the skin.
1	Mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mites	mite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | tiny mites in the skin | Mange |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dog with mange scratches all the time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x4:1
# text = A dog with mange scratches all the time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	scratches	scratch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | present | a dog with mange |  |  |  | time |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animal rescue groups help foxes with mange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x5:1
# text = Animal rescue groups help foxes with mange.
1	Animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | rescue groups |  | foxes |  |  | with mange | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent fox=Beneficiary with mange=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mange can spread between animals that are close together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x6:1
# text = Mange can spread between animals that are close together.
1	Mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | can | Mange |  |  |  |  | between animals | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between animal=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | close, together *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stray cat's mange got better after treatment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x7:1
# text = The stray cat's mange got better after treatment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stray	stray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	mange	mange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the stray cat's mange |  |  |  | after treatment | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad called his old jumper «mangy».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mange:x8:1
# text = Grandad called his old jumper «mangy».
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	mangy	mangy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Grandad | Grandad's old jumper |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent jumper=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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