---
title: mangle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mangle» in the school dictionary: A machine with two rollers, turned by a handle, used in the past to squeeze water out of wet washing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mangle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, it, He, Grandma, mangle, dog · **What happens:** turn, use, squeeze, crush, tear, damage · **To what, where:** machine, handle, past, water, wet washing, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mangle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mangle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mangle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A machine with two rollers, turned by a handle, used in the past to squeeze water out of wet washing.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:m1:1
# text = A machine with two rollers, turned by a handle, used in the past to squeeze water out of wet washing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	rollers	roller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | participle |  | a machine with two rollers *not said here* |  |  |  | by a handle | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by handle=Trajectory |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a handle *not said here* |  | the past |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **squeeze** | to-infinitive |  | water |  | wet washing |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent water=Theme out washing=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To crush, tear or damage something badly so it is out of shape.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:m2:1
# text = To crush, tear or damage something badly so it is out of shape.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	crush	crush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	tear	tear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	damage	damage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **tear** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **damage** | infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | it |  |  | shape |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spoil words, music or a story by saying or doing them badly: «He mangled the French phrase.».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:m3:1
# text = To spoil words, music or a story by saying or doing them badly: «He mangled the French phrase.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | words and music or a story |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | He *not said here* | words *= word* |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality |
| 4 | **mangle** *in a quote* | past | He | the French phrase |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phrase=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma used to put the sheets through the mangle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:x1:1
# text = Grandma used to put the sheets through the mangle.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sheets	sheet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mangle	mangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **put** | to-infinitive | Grandma *not said here* | the sheets |  | the mangle |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sheet=Theme through mangle=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn the handle and the mangle squeezes out the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:x2:1
# text = Turn the handle and the mangle squeezes out the water.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mangle	mangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	squeezes	squeeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* | the handle |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent handle=Theme |
| 2 | **squeeze out** | present | the mangle | the water |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bike was mangled in the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:x3:1
# text = The bike was mangled in the crash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | past · passive |  | the bike |  | the crash |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog mangled my slipper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:x4:1
# text = The dog mangled my slipper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	slipper	slipper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | past | the dog | my slipper |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slipper=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He mangled the words of the song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:x5:1
# text = He mangled the words of the song.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | past | He | the words of the song |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 2 | **word** |  |  | the song |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your fingers away from the rollers of the mangle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangle:x6:1
# text = Keep your fingers away from the rollers of the mangle.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rollers	roller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mangle	mangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your fingers |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Theme |
| 2 | **roll** |  |  | the mangle |  |  |  |  | nom roller «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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