---
title: mangled — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mangled» in the school dictionary: Badly crushed, twisted or torn so that it is spoilt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mangled

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** machine, dog, Alice, words, He, waiter · **What happens:** crush, twist, tear, spoil, say, play · **To what, where:** it, mangle, water, washing, bike, mangled slipper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mangled» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mangled in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mangled.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Badly crushed, twisted or torn so that it is spoilt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:m1:1
# text = Badly crushed, twisted or torn so that it is spoilt.
1	Badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	twisted	twist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	spoilt	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **twist** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **spoil** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of words or music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spoilt by being said or played very badly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:m2:1
# text = Spoilt by being said or played very badly.
1	Spoilt	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
| 3 | **play** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pressed through a mangle, a machine with rollers that squeezed water out of washing.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:m3:1
# text = Pressed through a mangle, a machine with rollers that squeezed water out of washing.
1	Pressed	press	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mangle	mangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rollers	roller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | participle |  |  |  | a mangle |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through mangle=Trajectory |
| 2 | **squeeze** | past | a machine with rollers | water |  | washing |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent water=Theme out washing=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bike was mangled after the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x1:1
# text = The bike was mangled after the crash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | past · passive |  | the bike |  |  | after the crash |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog left a mangled slipper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x2:1
# text = The dog left a mangled slipper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	slipper	slipper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the dog | a mangled slipper |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slipper=Theme |
| 2 | **mangle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alice mangled the poem, and the words came out all wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x3:1
# text = Alice mangled the poem, and the words came out all wrong.
1	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | past | Alice | the poem |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Patient |
| 2 | **come out** | past | the words |  |  |  |  | out, wrong *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He mangled the French phrase, and the waiter laughed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x4:1
# text = He mangled the French phrase, and the waiter laughed.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	waiter	waiter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | past | He | the French phrase |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phrase=Patient |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | the waiter |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma remembers mangling the washing on Mondays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x5:1
# text = Grandma remembers mangling the washing on Mondays.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mangling	mangle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Mondays	Monday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mangle** | gerund | Grandma *not said here* | the washing |  |  | monday |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent washing=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm left mangled trees along the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x6:1
# text = The storm left mangled trees along the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the storm | mangled trees |  | the road |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tree=Theme along road=Location |
| 2 | **mangle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her mangled body was cast into the fount near Thebes, which still bears her name.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mangled:x7:1
# text = Her mangled body was cast into the fount near Thebes, which still bears her name.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fount	fount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Thebes	thebe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	14	det	_	_
13	still	still	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mangle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **cast** | past · passive |  | Her mangled body |  | the fount near Thebes and which bears |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into fount=Product |
| 3 | **name** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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