---
title: manta — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «manta» in the school dictionary: A manta, or manta ray, is a very large, flat sea fish with wide fins like wings, which glides through warm oceans and eats tiny plankton. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# manta

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** manta, large flat sea fish, Manta rays, giant manta, Divers, We · **What happens:** be, glide, eat, speak, swim, make · **To what, where:** large flat sea fish, warm oceans, tiny plankton, kind, Spanish speaking countries, manta ray · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«manta» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [manta in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/manta.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A manta, or manta ray, is a very large, flat sea fish with wide fins like wings, which glides through warm oceans and eats tiny plankton.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:m1:1
# text = A manta, or manta ray, is a very large, flat sea fish with wide fins like wings, which glides through warm oceans and eats tiny plankton.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	glides	glide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
24	through	through	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
29	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	plankton	plankton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a manta | a large flat sea fish |  |  |  | with wide fins like wings | tree rules |
| 2 | **glide** | present | a large flat sea fish |  |  | warm oceans |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through ocean=Trajectory |
| 3 | **eat** | present | a large flat sea fish *not said here* | tiny plankton |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plankton=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A manta is also a kind of blanket or cloak in Spanish-speaking countries (rare in English).

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:m2:1
# text = A manta is also a kind of blanket or cloak in Spanish-speaking countries (rare in English).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a manta | a kind |  | Spanish speaking countries |  | of blanket or cloak | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A manta ray glided over the coral reef.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:x1:1
# text = A manta ray glided over the coral reef.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	glided	glide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	_	8	compound	_	_
8	reef	reef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glide** | participle |  | a manta ray *not said here* |  | the coral reef |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over reef=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Manta rays eat plankton, not people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:x2:1
# text = Manta rays eat plankton, not people.
1	Manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	plankton	plankton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Manta rays | plankton and people |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plankton=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant manta can be wider than a car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:x3:1
# text = The giant manta can be wider than a car.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | the giant manta |  |  |  |  | than a car; wide *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Divers swam beside the gentle mantas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:x4:1
# text = Divers swam beside the gentle mantas.
1	Divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mantas	manta	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | past | Divers |  |  | the gentle mantas |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside manta=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A manta's skeleton is made of cartilage like a shark's.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:x5:1
# text = A manta's skeleton is made of cartilage like a shark's.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | a manta's skeleton |  |  |  | of cartilage; like a shark | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched mantas leap out of the water on a nature film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manta:x6:1
# text = We watched mantas leap out of the water on a nature film.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mantas	manta	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leap out** | infinitive | mantas | the water on a nature film |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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