---
title: manure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «manure» in the school dictionary: Manure is animal poo, often mixed with straw, used to make soil richer so plants grow better. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# manure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Manure, plants, farmer, Roses, smell, we · **What happens:** be, mix, use, make, grow, manure · **To what, where:** animal poo, soil, field, manure, farm, vegetable patch · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«manure» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [manure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/manure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Manure is animal poo, often mixed with straw, used to make soil richer so plants grow better.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:m1:1
# text = Manure is animal poo, often mixed with straw, used to make soil richer so plants grow better.
1	Manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	poo	poo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	richer	rich	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	xcomp	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
19	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Manure | animal poo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mix** | participle |  | animal poo *not said here* |  |  |  | with straw; often *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with straw=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | soil |  |  |  | rich *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soil=Product |
| 5 | **grow** | present | plants |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To manure a field or garden means to spread manure on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:m2:1
# text = To manure a field or garden means to spread manure on it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	manure	manure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manure** | to-infinitive |  | a field or garden |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent field=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **spread** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | manure |  | manure |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent manure=Theme on it=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer spread manure on the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x1:1
# text = The farmer spread manure on the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the farmer | manure |  | the field |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent manure=Theme on field=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roses grow well with horse manure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x2:1
# text = Roses grow well with horse manure.
1	Roses	rose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Roses |  |  |  |  | with horse manure; well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smell of manure means we are near a farm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x3:1
# text = The smell of manure means we are near a farm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the smell of manure |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | we |  |  | a farm |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **smell** |  | manure |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Manure is full of nutrients for plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x4:1
# text = Manure is full of nutrients for plants.
1	Manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	nutrients	nutrient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Manure |  |  |  |  | of nutrients; for plants; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put manure on the school vegetable patch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x5:1
# text = We put manure on the school vegetable patch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | manure |  | the vegetable patch |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent manure=Theme on patch=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands after touching manure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x6:1
# text = Wash your hands after touching manure.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **touch** | gerund | you *not said here* | manure |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme manure=Co-Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people sell bags of manure by the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x7:1
# text = Some people sell bags of manure by the road.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sell	sell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | some people | bags of manure |  |  |  | by the road | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Green manure is a plant crop dug back into the soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manure:x8:1
# text = Green manure is a plant crop dug back into the soil.
1	Green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	manure	manure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Green manure |  |  | the soil |  | dig *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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