---
title: manuscript — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «manuscript» in the school dictionary: A book, story or piece of writing written by hand, especially an old one from before printing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# manuscript

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old one, writer, Monks, museum, author, manuscript · **What happens:** write, print, type, copy, write out, show · **To what, where:** book, own copy, Music, manuscripts, old manuscript, manuscript

<!-- .vabout -->
«manuscript» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [manuscript in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/manuscript.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book, story or piece of writing written by hand, especially an old one from before printing.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:m1:1
# text = A book, story or piece of writing written by hand, especially an old one from before printing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
17	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	printing	print	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a book and story or piece of writing *not said here* |  |  |  | by hand | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **print** | gerund | a old one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writer's own copy of a book before it is printed, now often typed.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:m2:1
# text = The writer's own copy of a book before it is printed, now often typed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	typed	type	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | present · passive |  | the writer's own copy of a book before book |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **type** | participle |  |  |  |  | now | often *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **copy** |  | the writer | a book before book |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Music written out by hand (manuscript paper).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:m3:1
# text = Music written out by hand (manuscript paper).
1	Music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write out** | participle |  | Music *not said here* |  |  |  | by hand | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by hand=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monks wrote manuscripts with feather pens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x1:1
# text = Monks wrote manuscripts with feather pens.
1	Monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pens	pen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Monks | manuscripts |  |  |  | with feather pens | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manuscript=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum shows an old manuscript with gold letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x2:1
# text = The museum shows an old manuscript with gold letters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the museum | a old manuscript |  |  |  | with gold letters | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent manuscript=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The author sent her manuscript to a publisher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x3:1
# text = The author sent her manuscript to a publisher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	publisher	publisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the author | author's manuscript |  | a publisher |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent manuscript=Theme to publisher=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This manuscript is hundreds of years old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x4:1
# text = This manuscript is hundreds of years old.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this manuscript |  |  |  |  | hundreds of years *obl:unmarked*; old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote our tunes on manuscript paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x5:1
# text = We wrote our tunes on manuscript paper.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | our tunes |  | manuscript paper |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tune=Theme on paper=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The manuscript was full of crossed-out words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x6:1
# text = The manuscript was full of crossed-out words.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	crossed	cross	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	out	out	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the manuscript |  |  |  |  | of crossed out words; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Caliph, who liked to have old manuscripts in his library, even though he could not read them, purchased the scroll and the box, and dismissed the pedlar.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:manuscript:x7:1
# text = The Caliph, who liked to have old manuscripts in his library, even though he could not read them, purchased the scroll and the box, and dismissed the pedlar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
15	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
22	purchased	purchase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	dismissed	dismiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	pedlar	pedlar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | past | the Caliph |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Caliph *not said here* | old manuscripts |  | Caliph's library |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manuscript=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **read** | could | Caliph | manuscripts *= manuscript* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
| 4 | **purchase** | past | the Caliph | the scroll and the box |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scroll=Theme |
| 5 | **dismiss** | past | the Caliph *not said here* | the pedlar |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pedlar=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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