---
title: mar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mar» in the school dictionary: To spoil or damage something, making it less good or less beautiful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mar, old shout, Rain, deep scratch, argument, Nothing · **What happens:** spoil, damage, make, be, mean, hit · **To what, where:** something, it, old shout, him, shiny table, party · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spoil or damage something, making it less good or less beautiful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:m1:1
# text = To spoil or damage something, making it less good or less beautiful.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	damage	damage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
13	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **damage** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Mar. — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for March, the month, in lists and calendars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:m2:1
# text = Short for March, the month, in lists and calendars.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	March	March	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lists	list	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	calendars	calendar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mar! is an old shout meaning 'hit him, hit him!'.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:m3:1
# text = Mar! is an old shout meaning 'hit him, hit him!'.
1	Mar	mar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mar | a old shout |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a old shout *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hit** | infinitive |  | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **hit** | past |  | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain marred our sports day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x1:1
# text = Rain marred our sports day.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	marred	mar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | participle | Rain |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep scratch marred the shiny table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x2:1
# text = A deep scratch marred the shiny table.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	marred	mar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | past | a deep scratch | the shiny table |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The party was marred by an argument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x3:1
# text = The party was marred by an argument.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	marred	mar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | past · passive | a argument | the party |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing could mar her happiness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x4:1
# text = Nothing could mar her happiness.
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mar	mar	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | could | Nothing | her happiness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Litter marred the beautiful beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x5:1
# text = Litter marred the beautiful beach.
1	Litter	Litter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	marred	mar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | past | Litter | the beautiful beach |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One mistake marred an otherwise perfect test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x6:1
# text = One mistake marred an otherwise perfect test.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	marred	mar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | participle | One mistake *not said here* | a perfect test |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The holiday was marred by a stomach bug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x7:1
# text = The holiday was marred by a stomach bug.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	marred	mar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bug	bug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | past · passive | a stomach bug | the holiday |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Graffiti marred the new wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x8:1
# text = Graffiti marred the new wall.
1	Graffiti	Graffiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	marred	mar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mar** | past | Graffiti | the new wall |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mar! (Hit him, hit him!) Mind the post!

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mar!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x9:1
# text = Mar!
1	Mar	mar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Hit him, hit him!)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x9:2
# text = (Hit him, hit him!)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | imperative | you *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **hit** | past | you *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Mind the post!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mar:x9:3
# text = Mind the post!
1	Mind	mind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mind** | imperative | you *not said here* | the post |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent post=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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