---
title: maria — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «maria» in the school dictionary: Maria: a common girl's name in many countries. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# maria

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** common girl, Maria, lava, You, Sancta Maria · **What happens:** name, think, be, use, have, give away · **To what, where:** many countries, seas, name, mother, old exclamations, twelve stickers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«maria» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [maria in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/maria.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maria: a common girl's name in many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:m1:1
# text = Maria: a common girl's name in many countries.
1	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** |  | a common girl |  |  | many countries |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: astronomy — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
maria: the plural of «mare», the large dark flat areas on the Moon, once thought to be seas.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:m2:1
# text = maria: the plural of «mare», the large dark flat areas on the Moon, once thought to be seas.
1	maria	maria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	mare	mare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	20	advmod	_	_
20	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
23	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | seas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maria is also the name of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, used in old exclamations like 'Sancta Maria!'.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:m3:1
# text = Maria is also the name of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, used in old exclamations like 'Sancta Maria!'.
1	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Virgin	Virgin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	exclamations	exclamation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Sancta	Sancta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Maria | the name |  |  |  | of the Virgin Mary and mother of Jesus | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | mother of Jesus *not said here* |  | old exclamations like Sancta Maria |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maria has twelve stickers and gives away five.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x1:1
# text = Maria has twelve stickers and gives away five.
1	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stickers	sticker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Maria | twelve stickers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Patient |
| 2 | **give away** | present | Maria *not said here* | five |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent five=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maria is the tallest girl in our class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x2:1
# text = Maria is the tallest girl in our class.
1	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Maria | the tallest girl |  | our class |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dark patches on the Moon are called maria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x3:1
# text = The dark patches on the Moon are called maria.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	maria	maria	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the dark patches on the Moon |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The maria were made by lava long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x4:1
# text = The maria were made by lava long ago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	maria	maria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive | lava | the maria |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maria and her dad went fishing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x5:1
# text = Maria and her dad went fishing.
1	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Maria and her dad | fishing |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fishing=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can see the lunar maria without a telescope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x6:1
# text = You can see the lunar maria without a telescope.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lunar	lunar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	maria	maria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | You | the lunar maria |  |  |  | without a telescope | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer maria=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask Maria to share the crayons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x7:1
# text = Ask Maria to share the crayons.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crayons	crayon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | Maria |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent maria=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **share** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the crayons |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Sancta Maria!" resounded from the interior.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:maria:x8:1
# text = "Sancta Maria!" resounded from the interior.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sancta	Sancta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	resounded	resound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	interior	interior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resound** | past | Sancta Maria |  |  | the interior |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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