---
title: marmalade — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «marmalade» in the school dictionary: A kind of jam made from oranges or other citrus fruits (like lemons or limes), with thin strips of peel in it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# marmalade

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, Paddington, Gran, marmalade cat, Lime marmalade, Marmalade · **What happens:** make, use, have, keep, sleep, be · **To what, where:** kind, oranges, orange colour, toast, marmalade sandwich, hat

<!-- .vabout -->
«marmalade» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [marmalade in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/marmalade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind of jam made from oranges or other citrus fruits (like lemons or limes), with thin strips of peel in it.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:m1:1
# text = A kind of jam made from oranges or other citrus fruits (like lemons or limes), with thin strips of peel in it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	citrus	citrus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	limes	lime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	strips	strip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	peel	peel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a kind of jam *not said here* |  | oranges or other citrus fruits |  | with thin strips of peel in peel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from orange=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: colour — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An orange colour, often used for ginger cats: «a marmalade cat».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:m2:1
# text = An orange colour, often used for ginger cats: «a marmalade cat».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ginger	ginger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a orange colour *not said here* |  |  |  | for ginger cats; often *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had toast and marmalade for breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x1:1
# text = I had toast and marmalade for breakfast.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | toast and marmalade |  |  |  | for breakfast | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toast=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paddington Bear keeps a marmalade sandwich under his hat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x2:1
# text = Paddington Bear keeps a marmalade sandwich under his hat.
1	Paddington	Paddington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Bear	Bear	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Paddington | a marmalade sandwich |  | Paddington's hat |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sandwich=Theme under hat=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran makes marmalade from Seville oranges every January.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x3:1
# text = Gran makes marmalade from Seville oranges every January.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Seville	Seville	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Gran | marmalade |  | Seville oranges | january |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent marmalade=Product from orange=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our marmalade cat sleeps on the windowsill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x4:1
# text = Our marmalade cat sleeps on the windowsill.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	windowsill	windowsill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | Our marmalade cat |  |  | the windowsill |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lime marmalade is a bit sour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x5:1
# text = Lime marmalade is a bit sour.
1	Lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lime marmalade |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; sour *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Marmalade has thin strips of peel in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x6:1
# text = Marmalade has thin strips of peel in it.
1	Marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	strips	strip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	peel	peel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Marmalade | thin strips of peel in peel |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strip=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you pass the marmalade, please?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x7:1
# text = Can you pass the marmalade, please?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | can | you | the marmalade |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme marmalade=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We weighed the sugar and oranges to make marmalade in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marmalade:x8:1
# text = We weighed the sugar and oranges to make marmalade in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	marmalade	marmalade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | past | We | the sugar and oranges |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme sugar=Value |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | marmalade |  | class |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset marmalade=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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