---
title: marquis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «marquis» in the school dictionary: A marquis is a nobleman with a high title, ranking below a duke and above an earl or count. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# marquis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** marquis, nobleman, wife, cruel marquis, Marquess, title · **What happens:** be, rank, count, spell, use, live · **To what, where:** nobleman, title, Britain, marquis, France, marchioness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«marquis» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [marquis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/marquis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A marquis is a nobleman with a high title, ranking below a duke and above an earl or count.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:m1:1
# text = A marquis is a nobleman with a high title, ranking below a duke and above an earl or count.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	nobleman	nobleman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	ranking	rank	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
12	below	below	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	duke	duke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	above	above	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	earl	earl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a marquis | a nobleman |  |  |  | with a high title | tree rules |
| 2 | **rank** | gerund | a nobleman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | below a duke and a earl | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **count** | infinitive | a nobleman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Britain the title is usually spelled «marquess»; «marquis» is used in France and other countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:m2:1
# text = In Britain the title is usually spelled «marquess»; «marquis» is used in France and other countries.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	marquess	marquess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | present · passive |  | the title |  | Britain |  | usually *property* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme marquess=Manner |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive |  | marquis |  | France and other countries |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wife of a marquis is a marchioness (UK) or a marquise (France).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:m3:1
# text = The wife of a marquis is a marchioness (UK) or a marquise (France).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	marchioness	marchioness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	marquise	marquise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the wife of a marquis | a marchioness or a marquise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The marquis lived in a grand castle in France.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x1:1
# text = The marquis lived in a grand castle in France.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the marquis |  |  | a grand castle in France |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in castle=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A marquis ranks below a duke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x2:1
# text = A marquis ranks below a duke.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ranks	rank	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	below	below	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	duke	duke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rank** | present | a marquis |  |  |  |  | below a duke | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the novel, the cruel marquis rode past the starving villagers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x3:1
# text = In the novel, the cruel marquis rode past the starving villagers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	novel	novel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	past	past	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	starving	starve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the cruel marquis |  |  | the novel |  | past the starving villagers | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent past villager=Trajectory |
| 2 | **starve** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Marquess of Bath owns a safari park in England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x4:1
# text = The Marquess of Bath owns a safari park in England.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Marquess	Marquess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Bath	Bath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	safari	safari	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present | the Marquess of Bath | a safari park |  | England |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot park=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The marquis bowed to the queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x5:1
# text = The marquis bowed to the queen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | participle |  | the marquis *not said here* |  |  |  | to the queen | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to queen=Pivot |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His title passed from the old marquis to his son.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x6:1
# text = His title passed from the old marquis to his son.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	marquis	marquis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | His title |  | title's son | the old marquis |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from marquis=Initial\_Location to son=Destination |
| 2 | **title** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Truly a fine estate," said the King to the Marquis of Carabas.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:marquis:x7:1
# text = "Truly a fine estate," said the King to the Marquis of Carabas.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	estate	estate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Marquis	Marquis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Carabas	Carabas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a fine estate |  | the Marquis of Carabas |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to marquis=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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