---
title: martin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «martin» in the school dictionary: A martin is a small bird of the swallow family, such as the house martin, which builds a mud nest under the roofs of houses and flies south in winter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# martin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** martin, house martin, Saint Martin, soldier, House martins, martins · **What happens:** be, build, cut, share, remember, fly · **To what, where:** small bird, mud nest, roofs, first name, soldier, cloak

<!-- .vabout -->
«martin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [martin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/martin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A martin is a small bird of the swallow family, such as the house martin, which builds a mud nest under the roofs of houses and flies south in winter.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:m1:1
# text = A martin is a small bird of the swallow family, such as the house martin, which builds a mud nest under the roofs of houses and flies south in winter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	martin	martin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	swallow	swallow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	martin	martin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	builds	build	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	under	under	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	roofs	roof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	flies	fly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
30	south	south	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a martin | a small bird and the house martin |  |  |  | of the swallow family | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | present | the house martin | a mud nest |  | the roofs of houses and flies | winter |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin is a common boy's first name and a surname.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:m2:1
# text = Martin is a common boy's first name and a surname.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Martin | a common boy's first name and a surname |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saint Martin of Tours was a soldier who cut his cloak in half to share with a freezing beggar; he is remembered for kindness.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:m3:1
# text = Saint Martin of Tours was a soldier who cut his cloak in half to share with a freezing beggar; he is remembered for kindness.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Tours	Tour	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	remembered	remember	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Saint Martin of Tours | a soldier |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | past | a soldier | Martin's cloak |  | half |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloak=Product |
| 3 | **share** | to-infinitive | a soldier *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a freezing beggar | tree rules |
| 4 | **remember** | present · passive |  | Martin |  |  |  | for kindness | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
House martins built a mud nest under our roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x1:1
# text = House martins built a mud nest under our roof.
1	House	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	martins	martin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | House martins | a mud nest |  | our roof |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The martins flew south when the weather turned cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x2:1
# text = The martins flew south when the weather turned cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	martins	martin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	south	south	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the martins |  |  |  |  | south *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | past | the weather |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sand martins nest in holes in river banks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x3:1
# text = Sand martins nest in holes in river banks.
1	Sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	martins	martin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	nest	nest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nest** | present | Sand martins |  |  | holes |  | in river banks | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saint Martin shared his cloak with a poor man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x4:1
# text = Saint Martin shared his cloak with a poor man.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | Saint | Saint's cloak |  |  |  | with a poor man | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of equality for all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x5:1
# text = Martin Luther King Jr dreamed of equality for all.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:desc	_	_
4	Jr	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod:desc	_	_
5	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	equality	equality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dream** | past | Martin  Jr  King |  |  |  |  | of equality for all | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin from next door helped us fix the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x6:1
# text = Martin from next door helped us fix the fence.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Martin from next door | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **fix** | infinitive | us *not said here* | the fence |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent fence=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So Martin started off for the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:martin:x7:1
# text = So Martin started off for the town.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start off** | past | Martin |  |  |  |  | for the town | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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