---
title: masher — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «masher» in the school dictionary: A kitchen tool with a handle and a flat head with holes or a wavy wire, used to crush cooked potatoes or other food into a soft mush (a potato masher). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# masher

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, sense, you, Mum, We, masher · **What happens:** use, crush, cook, make, be, pass · **To what, where:** cooked potatoes, soft mush, unwanted advances, potato masher, me, masher · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«masher» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [masher in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/masher.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kitchen tool with a handle and a flat head with holes or a wavy wire, used to crush cooked potatoes or other food into a soft mush (a potato masher).

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:m1:1
# text = A kitchen tool with a handle and a flat head with holes or a wavy wire, used to crush cooked potatoes or other food into a soft mush (a potato masher).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	crush	crush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	mush	mush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **crush** | to-infinitive |  | cooked potatoes or other food |  |  |  | into a soft mush *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent potato=Patient into mush=Result |
| 3 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man who made unwanted advances to women in public; this sense is old and rarely used now.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:m2:1
# text = A man who made unwanted advances to women in public; this sense is old and rarely used now.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	advances	advance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	rarely	rarely	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | a man | unwanted advances |  |  |  | to women in public | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advance=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | this sense |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle | this sense *not said here* |  |  |  | now | rarely *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pass me the potato masher, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x1:1
# text = Pass me the potato masher, please.
1	Pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | imperative | you *not said here* | the potato masher | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient masher=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum used the masher to make fluffy mashed potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x2:1
# text = Mum used the masher to make fluffy mashed potatoes.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	mashed	mash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Mum | the masher |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent masher=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* | fluffy mashed potatoes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset potato=Product |
| 3 | **mash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We mashed the bananas with a masher for banana bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x3:1
# text = We mashed the bananas with a masher for banana bread.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mashed	mash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bananas	banana	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	banana	banana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mash** | past | We | the bananas |  |  |  | with a masher for banana bread | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent banana=Patient with masher=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The masher has a wavy metal head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x4:1
# text = The masher has a wavy metal head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the masher | a wavy metal head |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use the masher until there are no lumps left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x5:1
# text = Use the masher until there are no lumps left.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
9	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | the masher |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent masher=Patient |
| 2 | **does** | present | no lumps |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | no lumps *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our masher is made of plastic so it won't scratch the pan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x6:1
# text = Our masher is made of plastic so it won't scratch the pan.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Our masher |  |  |  | of plastic | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **not** **scratch** | future | masher | the pan |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pan=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad calls me the best potato masher in the family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x7:1
# text = Grandad calls me the best potato masher in the family.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
6	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Grandad |  | me |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A masher crushes; a whisk mixes air in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:masher:x8:1
# text = A masher crushes; a whisk mixes air in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	masher	masher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crushes	crush	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	whisk	whisk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	mixes	mix	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | present | a masher |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mix in** | present | a whisk | air |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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