---
title: massacre — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «massacre» in the school dictionary: A massacre is the cruel killing of many people who cannot defend themselves. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# massacre

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** massacre, many people, History books, Soldiers, team, Dad · **What happens:** be, not defend, massacre, mean, perform, remember · **To what, where:** cruel killing, people, way, heavy defeat, sport, massacre · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«massacre» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [massacre in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/massacre.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A massacre is the cruel killing of many people who cannot defend themselves.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:m1:1
# text = A massacre is the cruel killing of many people who cannot defend themselves.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a massacre | the cruel killing |  |  |  | of many people | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **defend** | can | many people | people |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To massacre people is to kill many of them in this way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:m2:1
# text = To massacre people is to kill many of them in this way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	massacre	massacre	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	kill	kill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **massacre** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | this way |  | kill *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In sport and games a massacre is a very heavy defeat: «It was a massacre: ten–nil!».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:m3:1
# text = In sport and games a massacre is a very heavy defeat: «It was a massacre: ten–nil!».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
19	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	nil	nil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a heavy defeat and a massacre |  | sport and games and a massacre |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | massacre | a massacre |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To massacre a song or a language means to perform it very badly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:m4:1
# text = To massacre a song or a language means to perform it very badly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	massacre	massacre	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **massacre** | to-infinitive |  | a song or a language |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **perform** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | language |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The massacre is remembered every year with a minute of silence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x1:1
# text = The massacre is remembered every year with a minute of silence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	remembered	remember	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present · passive |  | the massacre |  |  | minute; year |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
History books tell of massacres in many wars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x2:1
# text = History books tell of massacres in many wars.
1	History	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	massacres	massacre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | History books |  |  | many wars |  | of massacres | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers massacred the people of the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x3:1
# text = Soldiers massacred the people of the village.
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	massacred	massacre	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **massacre** | past | Soldiers | the people of the village |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team lost twelve–nil; it was a massacre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x4:1
# text = Our team lost twelve–nil; it was a massacre.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	nil	nil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | Our team | twelve nil |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nil=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | past | team | a massacre |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) Dad massacred that song at karaoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x5:1
# text = (informal) Dad massacred that song at karaoke.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	massacred	massacre	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	karaoke	karaoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **massacre** | past | Dad | that song |  | karaoke |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned how survivors told the story of the massacre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x6:1
# text = We learned how survivors told the story of the massacre.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	survivors	survivor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | survivors | the story of the massacre |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Memorials help people remember victims of massacres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x7:1
# text = Memorials help people remember victims of massacres.
1	Memorials	memorial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	victims	victim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	massacres	massacre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Memorials | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **remember** | infinitive | people *not said here* | victims of massacres |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent victim=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) Sorry, I massacred the French pronunciation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x8:1
# text = (informal) Sorry, I massacred the French pronunciation.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Sorry	sorry	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	massacred	massacre	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **massacre** | past | I | the French pronunciation |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pronunciation=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is no part of ours to describe what was a massacre rather than a fight.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:massacre:x9:1
# text = It is no part of ours to describe what was a massacre rather than a fight.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	massacre	massacre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	_
13	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	16	cc	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | no part |  |  |  | of ours | tree rules |
| 2 | **describe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | a massacre rather a fight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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