---
title: mastering — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mastering» in the school dictionary: Mastering a skill or subject means learning it completely and becoming really good at it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mastering

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mastering, his, last stage, She, He, We · **What happens:** master, mean, learn, become, get, fear · **To what, where:** skill, subject, feeling, control, fear, last stage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mastering» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mastering in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mastering.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastering a skill or subject means learning it completely and becoming really good at it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:m1:1
# text = Mastering a skill or subject means learning it completely and becoming really good at it.
1	Mastering	master	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
12	really	really	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | gerund |  | a skill or subject |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Mastering |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **learn** *not said to happen* | gerund | Mastering *not said here* | subject |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 4 | **become** | gerund | Mastering *not said here* |  |  | subject |  | good *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastering a feeling means getting control of it («mastering his fear»).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:m2:1
# text = Mastering a feeling means getting control of it («mastering his fear»).
1	Mastering	master	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	mastering	master	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | gerund |  | a feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Mastering |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **get** *not said to happen* | gerund | Mastering *not said here* | control of control |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer control=Stimulus |
| 4 | **master** *in a quote* | gerund | Mastering *not said here* | his fear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **fear** *in a quote* |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastering is the last stage of making a recording, when the sound is balanced and made ready to sell or stream.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:m3:1
# text = Mastering is the last stage of making a recording, when the sound is balanced and made ready to sell or stream.
1	Mastering	mastering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	recording	recording	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	balanced	balance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
18	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	stream	stream	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mastering | the last stage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | the last stage *not said here* | a recording |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset recording=Product |
| 3 | **balance** | present · passive |  | the sound |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **sell** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **stream** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is mastering the 7 times table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x1:1
# text = She is mastering the 7 times table.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mastering	master	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | present · progressive | She | the times table |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastering a new language takes years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x2:1
# text = Mastering a new language takes years.
1	Mastering	master	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | gerund |  | a new language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | Mastering |  |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is mastering his fear of heights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x3:1
# text = He is mastering his fear of heights.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mastering	master	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	heights	height	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | present · progressive | He | his fear of heights |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fear** |  | his *= he* | heights |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastering the piano needs daily practice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x4:1
# text = Mastering the piano needs daily practice.
1	Mastering	master	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | gerund |  | the piano |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | Mastering | daily practice |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot practice=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are mastering long division this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x5:1
# text = We are mastering long division this term.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mastering	master	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	division	division	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | present · progressive | We | long division |  |  |  | this term *obl:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The band's song is in the mastering stage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x6:1
# text = The band's song is in the mastering stage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	mastering	mastering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the band's song |  |  | the mastering stage |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** |  | the band |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastering a skateboard trick takes lots of falls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x7:1
# text = Mastering a skateboard trick takes lots of falls.
1	Mastering	master	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	skateboard	skateboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	falls	fall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **master** | gerund |  | a skateboard trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | Mastering | lots of falls |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke to her then, mastering his heart to do it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastering:x8:1
# text = He spoke to her then, mastering his heart to do it.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	mastering	master	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | He | her *= she* |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **master** | gerund | He *not said here* | his heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | heart |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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