---
title: mastery — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mastery» in the school dictionary: Mastery is complete control or power over something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mastery

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**Who acts:** Mastery, great skill, Two game cocks, winner, Man · **What happens:** be, do, fight, master, rule, gain · **To what, where:** complete control, something, great skill, farmyard, mastery, nature

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«mastery» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mastery in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mastery.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastery is complete control or power over something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastery:m1:1
# text = Mastery is complete control or power over something.
1	Mastery	mastery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mastery | complete control or power |  | something |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mastery is great skill at doing something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastery:m2:1
# text = Mastery is great skill at doing something.
1	Mastery	mastery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mastery | great skill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | great skill *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two game cocks were fiercely fighting for the mastery of the farmyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastery:x1:1
# text = Two game cocks were fiercely fighting for the mastery of the farmyard.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cocks	cock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mastery	mastery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	farmyard	farmyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past · progressive | Two game cocks |  |  |  |  | for the mastery of the farmyard; fiercely *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **master** |  |  | the farmyard |  |  |  |  | nom mastery «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The winner ruled with undisputed mastery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastery:x2:1
# text = The winner ruled with undisputed mastery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	undisputed	undisputed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mastery	mastery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the winner |  |  |  |  | with undisputed mastery | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Man gains mastery over nature by thinking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mastery:x3:1
# text = Man gains mastery over nature by thinking.
1	Man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gains	gain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mastery	mastery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | present | Man | mastery |  | nature |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mastery=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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