---
title: mathematics — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mathematics» in the school dictionary: The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, patterns and measurements, and the logic connecting them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mathematics

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** logic, school subject, calculations, Mathematics, We, us · **What happens:** connect, study, teach, reason, be, mathematics · **To what, where:** measurements, numbers, this, favourite subject, us, patterns

<!-- .vabout -->
«mathematics» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mathematics in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mathematics.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, patterns and measurements, and the logic connecting them.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:m1:1
# text = The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, patterns and measurements, and the logic connecting them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	measurements	measurement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	logic	logic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
17	connecting	connect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **connect** | gerund | the logic *not said here* | measurements *= measurement* |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 2 | **study** |  |  | numbers and quantities and shapes and patterns and measurements |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school subject that teaches this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:m2:1
# text = The school subject that teaches this.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | the school subject | this |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The calculations or reasoning involved in something, as in «the mathematics of the problem».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:m3:1
# text = The calculations or reasoning involved in something, as in «the mathematics of the problem».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	calculations	calculation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	reasoning	reason	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	involved	involved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reason** | gerund | the calculations |  |  |  |  | as the mathematics of the problem; involved *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mathematics is my favourite subject.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x1:1
# text = Mathematics is my favourite subject.
1	Mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mathematics | my favourite subject |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have mathematics every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x2:1
# text = We have mathematics every morning.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mathematics	mathematics	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mathematics** | present · perfect | We |  |  |  | morning |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mathematics helps us understand patterns in nature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x3:1
# text = Mathematics helps us understand patterns in nature.
1	Mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Mathematics | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | infinitive | us *not said here* | patterns |  | nature |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer pattern=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister wants to study mathematics at university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x4:1
# text = My sister wants to study mathematics at university.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | My sister |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **study** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | My sister *not said here* | mathematics |  | university |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mathematics=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mathematics behind the game is quite simple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x5:1
# text = The mathematics behind the game is quite simple.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the mathematics behind the game |  |  |  |  | simple *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Builders use mathematics to measure and plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x6:1
# text = Builders use mathematics to measure and plan.
1	Builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	measure	measure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	plan	plan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Builders | mathematics |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mathematics=Patient |
| 2 | **measure** | to-infinitive | Builders *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **plan** | infinitive | Builders *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mathematics is the same in every language: 3 × 4 is always 12.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mathematics:x7:1
# text = Mathematics is the same in every language: 3 × 4 is always 12.
1	Mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nsubj	_	_
10	×	×	SYM	SYM	_	11	case	_	_
11	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	14	advmod	_	_
14	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mathematics |  |  | every language |  | same *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | 3 × 4 | 12 |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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