---
title: mechanical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mechanical» in the school dictionary: To do with machines or worked by machines, with moving parts like gears, levers and wheels. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mechanical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old clock, We, bus, mechanical pencil, She, mechanical engineer · **What happens:** do, work, move, think, have, build · **To what, where:** machines, mechanical parts, mechanical toy, mechanical voice

<!-- .vabout -->
«mechanical» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mechanical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mechanical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with machines or worked by machines, with moving parts like gears, levers and wheels.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:m1:1
# text = To do with machines or worked by machines, with moving parts like gears, levers and wheels.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	gears	gear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	levers	lever	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with machines; with moving parts like gears | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **work** | participle |  | machines *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done without thinking, like a machine, out of habit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:m2:1
# text = Done without thinking, like a machine, out of habit.
1	Done	done	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a machine and habit | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mechanical engineering: designing and building machines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:m3:1
# text = Mechanical engineering: designing and building machines.
1	Mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	engineering	engineering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	designing	designing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old clock has mechanical parts inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x1:1
# text = The old clock has mechanical parts inside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the old clock | mechanical parts |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a mechanical toy with a cam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x2:1
# text = We built a mechanical toy with a cam.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cam	cam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a mechanical toy |  |  |  | with a cam | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent toy=Theme with cam=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus stopped because of a mechanical problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x3:1
# text = The bus stopped because of a mechanical problem.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the bus |  |  |  |  | because a mechanical problem | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mechanical pencil never needs sharpening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x4:1
# text = My mechanical pencil never needs sharpening.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	sharpening	sharpen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** | present | My mechanical pencil |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **sharpen** *not said to happen* | gerund | My mechanical pencil *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She answered in a mechanical voice, as if she wasn't listening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x5:1
# text = She answered in a mechanical voice, as if she wasn't listening.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	listening	listen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | She |  |  | a mechanical voice |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **listen** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · progressive | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mechanical engineer designs machines and engines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x6:1
# text = A mechanical engineer designs machines and engines.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	engineer	engineer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	designs	design	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | present | a mechanical engineer | machines and engines |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mechanical toys were very superior, and looked down upon every one else; they were full of modern ideas, and pretended they were real.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mechanical:x7:1
# text = The mechanical toys were very superior, and looked down upon every one else; they were full of modern ideas, and pretended they were real.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mechanical	mechanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	superior	superior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	else	else	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mechanical toys |  |  |  |  | superior *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look down** | past | the mechanical toys *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon every one; down *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon one=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | toys *= toy* |  |  |  |  | of modern ideas; full *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **pretend** | past | toys *= toy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | toys *= toy* |  |  |  |  | real *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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