---
title: meditation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «meditation» in the school dictionary: Sitting quietly and focusing your mind, for example on your breathing, to feel calm and relaxed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# meditation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sitting, your, We, Meditation, me, you · **What happens:** sit, focus, feel, mind, breathe, practice · **To what, where:** mind, deep quiet thought, me, eyes, meditation, part

<!-- .vabout -->
«meditation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [meditation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/meditation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sitting quietly and focusing your mind, for example on your breathing, to feel calm and relaxed.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:m1:1
# text = Sitting quietly and focusing your mind, for example on your breathing, to feel calm and relaxed.
1	Sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	csubj	_	_
2	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	focusing	focus	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **focus** | gerund |  | your mind |  |  |  | for example on your breathing | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | to-infinitive | Sitting |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **mind** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **breathe** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom breathing «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A religious or spiritual practice of deep, quiet thought or prayer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:m2:1
# text = A religious or spiritual practice of deep, quiet thought or prayer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practice** |  |  | deep quiet thought or prayer |  |  |  |  | nom practice «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Serious, careful thought about something; or a piece of writing with such thoughts.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:m3:1
# text = Serious, careful thought about something; or a piece of writing with such thoughts.
1	Serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We do five minutes of meditation after lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x1:1
# text = We do five minutes of meditation after lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | We |  |  |  | minute |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meditation helps me feel calm before a test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x2:1
# text = Meditation helps me feel calm before a test.
1	Meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Meditation | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  | before a test | calm *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close your eyes and breathe slowly for meditation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x3:1
# text = Close your eyes and breathe slowly for meditation.
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | your eyes |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
| 2 | **breathe** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for meditation; slowly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monk spent hours in meditation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x4:1
# text = The monk spent hours in meditation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | the monk |  |  | meditation | hour |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum listens to a meditation app at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x5:1
# text = Mum listens to a meditation app at night.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | Mum |  |  |  | night | to a meditation app | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to app=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meditation is part of many religions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x6:1
# text = Meditation is part of many religions.
1	Meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Meditation | part |  |  |  | of many religions | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem is a meditation on loss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x7:1
# text = The poem is a meditation on loss.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the poem | a meditation |  | loss |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During meditation, try to notice your breathing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x8:1
# text = During meditation, try to notice your breathing.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | during meditation |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **notice** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your breathing |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer breathing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **breathe** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom breathing «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last the Childe of Lambton came home to his father's Hall, after seven long years spent in meditation and repentance on holy soil.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:meditation:x9:1
# text = At last the Childe of Lambton came home to his father's Hall, after seven long years spent in meditation and repentance on holy soil.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Childe	Childe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Lambton	Lambton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	home	home	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	Hall	Hall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	after	after	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	acl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	meditation	meditation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	repentance	repentance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the last Childe of Lambton |  |  | Childe's father's Hall | year | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to hall=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **spend** | participle |  | seven long years *not said here* |  | meditation and repentance on holy soil |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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