---
title: mediterranean — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mediterranean» in the school dictionary: The Mediterranean (Sea) is the large sea between southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mediterranean

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mediterranean, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean countries, We, Italy, Olives · **What happens:** be, mean, have, find, include, go · **To what, where:** large sea, hot dry summers, sea, Spain, holiday, Mediterranean Sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mediterranean» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mediterranean in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mediterranean.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mediterranean (Sea) is the large sea between southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:m1:1
# text = The Mediterranean (Sea) is the large sea between southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Mediterranean | the large sea |  |  |  | between southern Europe and North Africa and western Asia | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mediterranean means of or near this sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:m2:1
# text = Mediterranean means of or near this sea.
1	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Mediterranean |  |  |  |  | of this sea | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mediterranean countries include Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Egypt.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:m2e:1
# text = Mediterranean countries include Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Egypt.
1	Mediterranean	mediterranean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Mediterranean countries | Spain and France and Italy and Greece and Turkey and Egypt |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spain=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Mediterranean climate has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, found around this sea and in places like California and parts of Australia.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:m3:1
# text = A Mediterranean climate has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, found around this sea and in places like California and parts of Australia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Mediterranean	mediterranean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	summers	summer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
16	around	around	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
18	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	California	California	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a Mediterranean climate |  |  |  | summer |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | hot dry summers and mild wet winters *not said here* |  | this sea and places like California and parts of Australia |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went on holiday to a beach on the Mediterranean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x1:1
# text = We went on holiday to a beach on the Mediterranean.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | holiday |  | to a beach on the Mediterranean | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to beach=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea like a boot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x2:1
# text = Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea like a boot.
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick out** | present | Italy |  |  | the Mediterranean Sea |  | like a boot | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into sea=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Olives grow well in the Mediterranean climate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x3:1
# text = Olives grow well in the Mediterranean climate.
1	Olives	olive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Olives |  |  | the Mediterranean climate |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in climate=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans sailed all around the Mediterranean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x4:1
# text = The Romans sailed all around the Mediterranean.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the Romans |  |  | the Mediterranean |  | all *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around mediterranean=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perth has a Mediterranean climate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x5:1
# text = Perth has a Mediterranean climate.
1	Perth	perth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Mediterranean	mediterranean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Perth | a Mediterranean climate |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent climate=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors say the Mediterranean diet is healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x6:1
# text = Doctors say the Mediterranean diet is healthy.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	diet	diet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Doctors |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Mediterranean diet |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many refugees have tried to cross the Mediterranean in small boats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x7:1
# text = Many refugees have tried to cross the Mediterranean in small boats.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	refugees	refugee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	tried	try	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present · perfect | Many refugees |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cross** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Many refugees *not said here* | the Mediterranean |  |  |  | in small boats | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent mediterranean=Patient in boat=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And then they flew across the Alps towards the blue Mediterranean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mediterranean:x8:1
# text = And then they flew across the Alps towards the blue Mediterranean.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Alps	Alp	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | they |  |  | the Alps | then | towards the blue Mediterranean | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards mediterranean=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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