---
title: melancholy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «melancholy» in the school dictionary: A deep, quiet sadness that lasts a while. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# melancholy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** deep quiet sadness, you, Mock Turtle, Rain, He, friend · **What happens:** last, make, feel, sing, play, give · **To what, where:** melancholy song, melancholy voice, melancholy tune, radio, feeling, her

<!-- .vabout -->
«melancholy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [melancholy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/melancholy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep, quiet sadness that lasts a while.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:m1:1
# text = A deep, quiet sadness that lasts a while.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | a deep quiet sadness |  |  |  | while |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sad, or making you feel sad, as in «a melancholy song».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:m2:1
# text = Sad, or making you feel sad, as in «a melancholy song».
1	Sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | you | a melancholy song |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mock Turtle sang in a melancholy voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x1:1
# text = The Mock Turtle sang in a melancholy voice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Mock	Mock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Turtle	Turtle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the Mock Turtle |  |  | a melancholy voice |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A melancholy tune played on the radio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x2:1
# text = A melancholy tune played on the radio.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | participle |  | a melancholy tune *not said here* |  | the radio |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain on the window gave her a feeling of melancholy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x3:1
# text = Rain on the window gave her a feeling of melancholy.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Rain on the window | a feeling of melancholy | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient feeling=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was in a melancholy mood after his friend moved away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x4:1
# text = He was in a melancholy mood after his friend moved away.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  | a melancholy mood |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move away** | past | his friend |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empty house looked melancholy in the fog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x5:1
# text = The empty house looked melancholy in the fog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the empty house | melancholy |  | the fog |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme melancholy=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Autumn can make some people melancholy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x6:1
# text = Autumn can make some people melancholy.
1	Autumn	Autumn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Autumn | some people melancholy |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent melancholy=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not long after, the king of the country suffered from the deepest melancholy.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melancholy:x7:1
# text = Not long after, the king of the country suffered from the deepest melancholy.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
3	after	after	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	deepest	deep	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | past | the king of the country |  |  | the deepest melancholy |  | long *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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