---
title: melatonin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «melatonin» in the school dictionary: A natural chemical (a hormone) your body makes when it gets dark, which helps you feel sleepy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# melatonin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** natural chemical, body, you, people, room, Bright screens · **What happens:** make, get, help, feel, give, sleep · **To what, where:** you, same substance, tablets, people, melatonin, small dose · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«melatonin» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [melatonin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/melatonin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A natural chemical (a hormone) your body makes when it gets dark, which helps you feel sleepy.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:m1:1
# text = A natural chemical (a hormone) your body makes when it gets dark, which helps you feel sleepy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chemical	chemical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
14	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a natural chemical |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **get** | present | body |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **help** | present |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sleepy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The same substance made in tablets or gummies, sometimes given by a doctor to help people sleep.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:m2:1
# text = The same substance made in tablets or gummies, sometimes given by a doctor to help people sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gummies	gummy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	11	advmod	_	_
11	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | the same substance *not said here* |  | tablets or gummies |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | the same substance *not said here* |  |  |  | by a doctor; sometimes *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **sleep** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your body makes melatonin when the room gets dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:x1:1
# text = Your body makes melatonin when the room gets dark.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Your body | melatonin |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset melatonin=Product |
| 2 | **get** | present | the room |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bright screens at bedtime can lower your melatonin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:x2:1
# text = Bright screens at bedtime can lower your melatonin.
1	Bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	screens	screen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	lower	lower	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lower** | can | Bright screens at bedtime | your melatonin |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent melatonin=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Melatonin helps you feel sleepy at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:x3:1
# text = Melatonin helps you feel sleepy at night.
1	Melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Melatonin | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sleepy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said my brother could take a small dose of melatonin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:x4:1
# text = The doctor said my brother could take a small dose of melatonin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	dose	dose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | could | my brother | a small dose of melatonin |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dose=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jet lag happens partly because your melatonin is on the wrong time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:x5:1
# text = Jet lag happens partly because your melatonin is on the wrong time.
1	Jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Jet lag |  |  |  |  | partly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | your melatonin |  |  |  | on the wrong time |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals make melatonin too, which helps them know the seasons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melatonin:x6:1
# text = Animals make melatonin too, which helps them know the seasons.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Animals | melatonin |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent melatonin=Product |
| 2 | **help** | present |  | Animals *= animal* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **know** | infinitive | Animals *= animal* *not said here* |  |  |  | season |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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