---
title: melting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «melting» in the school dictionary: Melting means changing from a solid into a liquid because it gets warm, like ice turning into water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# melting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Melting, ice, snowman, ice cream, We, freezing · **What happens:** mean, change, get, turn, describe, become · **To what, where:** solid, water, something, chocolate, stories, sun.

<!-- .vabout -->
«melting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [melting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/melting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Melting means changing from a solid into a liquid because it gets warm, like ice turning into water.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:m1:1
# text = Melting means changing from a solid into a liquid because it gets warm, like ice turning into water.
1	Melting	melting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	solid	solid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
13	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Melting |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **change** *not said to happen* | gerund | Melting *not said here* |  |  | a solid |  | into a liquid *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Patient from solid=Initial\_State into liquid=Result |
| 3 | **get** | present | Melting |  |  |  |  | like ice; warm *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **turn** | gerund | ice *not said here* |  |  | water |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into water=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Melting can describe something becoming soft, like melting chocolate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:m2:1
# text = Melting can describe something becoming soft, like melting chocolate.
1	Melting	melting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
10	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Melting | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **melt** | gerund |  | chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient chocolate=Result |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In stories, melting can mean becoming softer in feeling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:m3:1
# text = In stories, melting can mean becoming softer in feeling.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	melting	melting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	softer	soft	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | melting |  |  | stories |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **become** *not said to happen* | gerund | melting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snowman is melting in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x1:1
# text = The snowman is melting in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snowman	snowman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present · progressive | the snowman |  |  | the sun. |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your ice cream is melting; eat it quickly!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x2:1
# text = Your ice cream is melting; eat it quickly!
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present · progressive | Your ice cream |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | infinitive |  | cream |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice starts melting at zero degrees Celsius.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x3:1
# text = Ice starts melting at zero degrees Celsius.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **melt** | gerund | Ice *not said here* |  |  | zero degrees  Celsius |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are melting chocolate to make a cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x4:1
# text = We are melting chocolate to make a cake.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present · progressive | We | chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient chocolate=Result |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a cake |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cake=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Melting is a change that can be reversed by freezing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x5:1
# text = Melting is a change that can be reversed by freezing.
1	Melting	melting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Melting | a change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reverse** | can · passive | freezing | a change |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The melting ice dripped off the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x6:1
# text = The melting ice dripped off the roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	melting	melting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	dripped	drip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drip** | participle |  | the melting ice *not said here* |  | the roof |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off roof=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The candle wax was melting down the sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x7:1
# text = The candle wax was melting down the sides.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt down** | past · progressive | the candle wax | the sides |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient side=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My heart was melting when I saw the puppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x8:1
# text = My heart was melting when I saw the puppy.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | past · progressive | My heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | past | I | the puppy |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer puppy=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just one plump morsel, melting away between the teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:melting:x9:1
# text = Just one plump morsel, melting away between the teeth.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	plump	plump	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	morsel	morsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt away** | gerund | one plump morsel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | between the teeth; away *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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