---
title: mem — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mem» in the school dictionary: The thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, written מ. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mem

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** word, Mem, Psalm, part, servant, Mem sahib · **What happens:** write, letter, form, servant, use, be · **To what, where:** Hebrew alphabet, memory, British India, thirteenth letter, part, Mem · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mem» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mem in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mem.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, written מ.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:m1:1
# text = The thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, written מ.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	thirteenth	thirteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	מ	מ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **letter** |  |  | the Hebrew alphabet |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short form of «memory» or «member» in notes (mem.), or a cut-off part of «memo» or «memsahib».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:m2:1
# text = A short form of «memory» or «member» in notes (mem.), or a cut-off part of «memo» or «memsahib».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	mem	mem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	off	off	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	memo	memo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	memsahib	memsahib	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** |  |  | memory or member in notes |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, India — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for «memsahib», a word servants in British India used for a European lady.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:m3:1
# text = Short for «memsahib», a word servants in British India used for a European lady.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	memsahib	memsahib	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	servants	servant	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **servant** | present | a word |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past | a word *not said here* |  |  | British India |  | for a European lady | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mem is the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x1:1
# text = Mem is the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
1	Mem	mem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thirteenth	thirteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mem | the thirteenth letter |  |  |  | of the Hebrew alphabet | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Psalm 119 has a part headed «Mem».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x2:1
# text = Psalm 119 has a part headed «Mem».
1	Psalm	Psalm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	119	119	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	headed	head	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Mem	mem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Psalm | a part |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |
| 2 | **head** | participle | a part *not said here* | Mem |  |  |  |  | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mem=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(note) mem. = member of the club.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* (note) mem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x3:1
# text = (note) mem.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	mem	mem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* = member of the club.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x3:2
# text = = member of the club.
1	=	=	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	_
2	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old story the servant said, «The Mem-sahib is resting.»

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x4:1
# text = In the old story the servant said, «The Mem-sahib is resting.»
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	Mem	mem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	sahib	sahib	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the servant |  |  | the old story |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **rest** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the Mem sahib |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The computer showed «mem: 8 GB».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x5:1
# text = The computer showed «mem: 8 GB».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	mem	mem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	GB	gb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the computer | mem and 8 GB |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mem=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each part of Psalm 119 begins with the next Hebrew letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mem:x6:1
# text = Each part of Psalm 119 begins with the next Hebrew letter.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Psalm	Psalm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	119	119	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | each part of Psalm |  |  |  |  | with the next Hebrew letter | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with letter=Subeventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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