---
title: memorandum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «memorandum» in the school dictionary: A memorandum is a short written message sent inside an office, school or company, telling people about something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/memorandum/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [M](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/) / memorandum

# memorandum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** memorandum, short written message, you, head teacher, formal, Dad · **What happens:** write, be, send, tell, help, remember · **To what, where:** short written message, office, people, note, you, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«memorandum» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [memorandum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/memorandum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A memorandum is a short written message sent inside an office, school or company, telling people about something.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:m1:1
# text = A memorandum is a short written message sent inside an office, school or company, telling people about something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	about	about	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a memorandum | a short written message |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | participle |  | a short written message *not said here* |  | a office and school or company |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a short written message *not said here* |  | people |  |  | about something | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent people=Recipient about something=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A memorandum is a note to help you remember something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:m2:1
# text = A memorandum is a note to help you remember something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	appos	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a memorandum | a note |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **remember** | infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A memorandum of understanding is a written agreement between two groups or countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:m3:1
# text = A memorandum of understanding is a written agreement between two groups or countries.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a memorandum of understanding | a written agreement |  |  |  | between two groups or countries | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher sent a memorandum to all staff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x1:1
# text = The head teacher sent a memorandum to all staff.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the head teacher | a memorandum |  | all staff |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent memorandum=Theme to staff=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Please read the memorandum about the new rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x2:1
# text = (formal) Please read the memorandum about the new rules.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | infinitive | formal | the memorandum |  |  |  | about the new rules | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memorandum=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad got a memo at work about the holiday party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x3:1
# text = Dad got a memo at work about the holiday party.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	memo	memo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Dad | a memo |  | work about the holiday party |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent memo=Theme at work=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x4:1
# text = The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | the two countries | a memorandum of understanding |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent memorandum=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A memorandum should be short and clear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x5:1
# text = A memorandum should be short and clear.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | should | a memorandum |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a memorandum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a memorandum to remind the class about the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x6:1
# text = Write a memorandum to remind the class about the trip.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	remind	remind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a memorandum |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memorandum=Theme |
| 2 | **remind** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the class |  |  |  | about the trip | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent class=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The memo said «No parking near the gates».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x7:1
# text = The memo said «No parking near the gates».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	memo	memo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	parking	parking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the memo | no parking |  | the gates |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent parking=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The secret memorandum was found in the archive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:memorandum:x8:1
# text = The secret memorandum was found in the archive.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	memorandum	memorandum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	archive	archive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | the secret memorandum |  | the archive |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [memorable](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/memorable/)
- next →: [memorial](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/memorial/)
- ↑ back to [M in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/M/)