---
title: menagerie — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «menagerie» in the school dictionary: A collection of wild or unusual animals kept to be shown to people, especially in the past (an early kind of zoo). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# menagerie

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wild animals, Tower, house, circus, garden, story · **What happens:** keep, show, mix, have, be, travel · **To what, where:** wild animals, people, royal menagerie, menagerie, early kind, little menagerie

<!-- .vabout -->
«menagerie» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [menagerie in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/menagerie.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A collection of wild or unusual animals kept to be shown to people, especially in the past (an early kind of zoo).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:m1:1
# text = A collection of wild or unusual animals kept to be shown to people, especially in the past (an early kind of zoo).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	unusual	unusual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  | wild animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive · passive | wild animals *not said here* |  | people in the past |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: to people=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mixed group of many different animals, or of strange and different people or things.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:m2:1
# text = A mixed group of many different animals, or of strange and different people or things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tower of London once had a royal menagerie with lions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x1:1
# text = The Tower of London once had a royal menagerie with lions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Tower of London | a royal menagerie |  |  |  | with lions; once *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menagerie=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our house is a menagerie: two dogs, a cat, three rabbits and a snake.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x2:1
# text = Our house is a menagerie: two dogs, a cat, three rabbits and a snake.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our house | a menagerie |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The circus travelled with a menagerie of wild animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x3:1
# text = The circus travelled with a menagerie of wild animals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	circus	circus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | past | the circus |  |  |  |  | with a menagerie of wild animals | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's garden is a menagerie of birds and squirrels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x4:1
# text = Grandma's garden is a menagerie of birds and squirrels.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Grandma's garden | a menagerie |  |  |  | of birds and squirrels | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story is about a strange menagerie of creatures in a magic wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x5:1
# text = The story is about a strange menagerie of creatures in a magic wood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the story |  |  |  |  | about a strange menagerie; of creatures in a magic wood | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A menagerie was an early kind of zoo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x6:1
# text = A menagerie was an early kind of zoo.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a menagerie | a early kind |  |  |  | of zoo | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class pets became a little menagerie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x7:1
# text = The class pets became a little menagerie.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pets	pet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the class pets | a little menagerie |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The play had a menagerie of odd characters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x8:1
# text = The play had a menagerie of odd characters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	odd	odd	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the play | a menagerie of odd characters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menagerie=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In vain the Giant showed me his menagerie, which was entirely composed of children who would not work!

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menagerie:x9:1
# text = In vain the Giant showed me his menagerie, which was entirely composed of children who would not work!
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
5	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	menagerie	menagerie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the Giant | his menagerie | me | vain |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient menagerie=Topic |
| 2 | **compose** | past · passive |  | his menagerie |  |  |  | of children; entirely *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **not** **work** | would | children |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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