---
title: mend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mend» in the school dictionary: To repair something that is broken, torn or not working. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandma, Dad, broken arm, She, They, you · **What happens:** repair, break, tear, not work, get, heal · **To what, where:** something, situation, friendship, hole, sock, bike tyre · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mend» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To repair something that is broken, torn or not working.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:m1:1
# text = To repair something that is broken, torn or not working.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	repair	repair	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **break** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To get better after an illness or injury; to heal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:m2:1
# text = To get better after an illness or injury; to heal.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	heal	heal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | after a illness or injury | good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **heal** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a situation or friendship better: «mend a friendship».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:m3:1
# text = To make a situation or friendship better: «mend a friendship».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	mend	mend	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a situation or friendship |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mend** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a friendship |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A place where something has been repaired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:m4:1
# text = A place where something has been repaired.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	7	advmod	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	repaired	repair	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | present · perfect · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma mended the hole in my sock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x1:1
# text = Grandma mended the hole in my sock.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mended	mend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mend** | past | Grandma | the hole |  | my sock |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad mended my bike tyre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x2:1
# text = Dad mended my bike tyre.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mended	mend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mend** | past | Dad | my bike tyre |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My broken arm is mending well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x3:1
# text = My broken arm is mending well.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mending	mend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mend** | present · progressive | My broken arm |  |  |  |  | well *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's on the mend after the flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x4:1
# text = She's on the mend after the flu.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mend	mend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  | the mend | after the flu |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They said sorry to mend their friendship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x5:1
# text = They said sorry to mend their friendship.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	mend	mend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: apologize* | past | They |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mend** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | their friendship |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you mend this toy?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x6:1
# text = Can you mend this toy?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mend	mend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mend** | can | you | this toy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can see the mend in the old jumper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x7:1
# text = You can see the mend in the old jumper.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mend	mend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | You | the mend |  | the old jumper |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mend=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those who would mend others, should first mend themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mend:x8:1
# text = Those who would mend others, should first mend themselves.
1	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mend	mend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	advmod	_	_
9	mend	mend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mend** | would |  | others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mend** | should | Those | others *= other* |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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