---
title: menstruation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «menstruation» in the school dictionary: The natural monthly bleeding from the womb (uterus) through the vagina that happens to girls and women, usually from puberty until about age 50; it is also called «having a period». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# menstruation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vagina, Menstruation, health lesson, Most people, girls, both · **What happens:** happen, call, have, be, explain, start · **To what, where:** natural monthly bleeding, period, normal part, menstruation, nine, pads · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«menstruation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [menstruation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/menstruation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, health — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The natural monthly bleeding from the womb (uterus) through the vagina that happens to girls and women, usually from puberty until about age 50; it is also called «having a period».

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:m1:1
# text = The natural monthly bleeding from the womb (uterus) through the vagina that happens to girls and women, usually from puberty until about age 50; it is also called «having a period».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	monthly	monthly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bleeding	bleeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	womb	womb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	uterus	uterus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	vagina	vagina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	puberty	puberty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
24	until	until	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	about	about	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
27	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
31	also	also	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
33	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	parataxis	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | the vagina |  |  |  | until age | to girls and women and puberty | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the natural monthly bleeding from the womb through the vagina |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | gerund |  | a period |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent period=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Menstruation is a normal part of puberty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x1:1
# text = Menstruation is a normal part of puberty.
1	Menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	puberty	puberty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Menstruation | a normal part |  |  |  | of puberty | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our health lesson explained menstruation and the menstrual cycle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x2:1
# text = Our health lesson explained menstruation and the menstrual cycle.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	menstrual	menstrual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | Our health lesson | menstruation and the menstrual cycle |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menstruation=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Menstruation usually happens about once a month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x3:1
# text = Menstruation usually happens about once a month.
1	Menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Menstruation |  |  |  |  | once, usually *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most people call menstruation «having a period».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x4:1
# text = Most people call menstruation «having a period».
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present | Most people | menstruation |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent menstruation=Recipient |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | gerund | Most people *not said here* | a period |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent period=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some girls start menstruation at nine, others at fifteen – both are normal.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x5:1
# text = Some girls start menstruation at nine, others at fifteen – both are normal.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
11	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | some girls | menstruation |  | nine |  | at fifteen; others *obl* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent menstruation=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | both |  |  |  |  | normal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school nurse has pads for anyone who needs them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x6:1
# text = The school nurse has pads for anyone who needs them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the school nurse | pads |  |  |  | for anyone | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | present |  | pads *= pad* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot they=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Menstruation stops during pregnancy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x7:1
# text = Menstruation stops during pregnancy.
1	Menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pregnancy	pregnancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Menstruation |  |  |  | during pregnancy |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's fine to ask a parent or the school nurse questions about menstruation.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:menstruation:x8:1
# text = It's fine to ask a parent or the school nurse questions about menstruation.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	menstruation	menstruation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  |  | a parent or the nurse questions about menstruation |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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