---
title: mesquite — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mesquite» in the school dictionary: A spiny shrub or small tree of the pea family that grows in deserts and dry lands of the south-western USA and Mexico, with long seed pods. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mesquite

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pea family, Mesquite trees, Mesquite roots, Native Americans, Cattle, mesquite · **What happens:** grow, use, give, barbecue, reach, flavour · **To what, where:** deserts, wood, smoky flavour, barbecued food, barbecue, flour

<!-- .vabout -->
«mesquite» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mesquite in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mesquite.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spiny shrub or small tree of the pea family that grows in deserts and dry lands of the south-western USA and Mexico, with long seed pods.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:m1:1
# text = A spiny shrub or small tree of the pea family that grows in deserts and dry lands of the south-western USA and Mexico, with long seed pods.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spiny	spiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shrub	shrub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	pea	pea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the pea family |  |  | deserts and dry lands of the western USA and Mexico and long seed pods |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wood of this tree, used to give a smoky flavour to barbecued food.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:m2:1
# text = The wood of this tree, used to give a smoky flavour to barbecued food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	smoky	smoky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	flavour	flavour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	barbecued	barbecue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | the wood of this tree *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | a smoky flavour | barbecued food |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent flavour=Theme to food=Recipient |
| 3 | **barbecue** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mesquite trees grow in the deserts of Mexico and the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x1:1
# text = Mesquite trees grow in the deserts of Mexico and the USA.
1	Mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Mesquite trees |  |  | the deserts of Mexico and the USA |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mesquite roots reach deep underground for water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x2:1
# text = Mesquite roots reach deep underground for water.
1	Mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reach	reach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | Mesquite roots |  |  |  |  | for water; underground *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The barbecue was flavoured with mesquite wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x3:1
# text = The barbecue was flavoured with mesquite wood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	barbecue	barbecue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	flavoured	flavour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flavour** | past · passive |  | the barbecue |  |  |  | with mesquite wood | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Native Americans made flour from mesquite pods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x4:1
# text = Native Americans made flour from mesquite pods.
1	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Native Americans | flour |  | mesquite pods |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent flour=Product from pod=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cattle eat mesquite pods in dry seasons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x5:1
# text = Cattle eat mesquite pods in dry seasons.
1	Cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pods	pod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Cattle | mesquite pods |  |  | season |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pod=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, mesquite is a weed that spreads quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x6:1
# text = In Australia, mesquite is a weed that spreads quickly.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | mesquite | a weed |  | Australia |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | present | a weed |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The desert road was lined with thorny mesquite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x7:1
# text = The desert road was lined with thorny mesquite.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	lined	line	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	thorny	thorny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line** | past · passive |  | the desert road |  |  |  | with thorny mesquite | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with mesquite=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mesquite-smoked chicken has a strong flavour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mesquite:x8:1
# text = Mesquite-smoked chicken has a strong flavour.
1	Mesquite	mesquite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	smoked	smoke	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	flavour	flavour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smoke** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | smoked chicken | a strong flavour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flavour=Patient |

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