---
title: mess — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «mess» in the school dictionary: A mess is a place or things that are untidy or dirty, like a messy bedroom. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# mess

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mess, things, soldiers, bedroom, I, you · **What happens:** be, mess up, mean, make, spoil, get · **To what, where:** place, bad situation, something, it, silly way, room · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«mess» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [mess in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/mess.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mess is a place or things that are untidy or dirty, like a messy bedroom.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:m1:1
# text = A mess is a place or things that are untidy or dirty, like a messy bedroom.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	untidy	untidy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	messy	messy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mess | a place or things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | untidy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mess is also a bad or confusing situation with problems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:m2:1
# text = A mess is also a bad or confusing situation with problems.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	confusing	confusing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mess | a bad situation |  |  |  | with problems | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mess something up means to make it untidy or to spoil it or get it wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:m3:1
# text = To mess something up means to make it untidy or to spoil it or get it wrong.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mess	mess	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	untidy	untidy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mess up** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | untidy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 4 | **spoil** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **get** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mess about or mess around means to play or behave in a silly way instead of working.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:m4:1
# text = To mess about or mess around means to play or behave in a silly way instead of working.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mess	mess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	behave	behave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mess** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about mess | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **play** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a silly way |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **behave** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To mess with something means to touch or change it when you should not.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:m5:1
# text = To mess with something means to touch or change it when you should not.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	mess	mess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mess** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with something | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **touch** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **change** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mess is also a room where soldiers or sailors eat, and an animal's droppings can be called mess.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:m6:1
# text = A mess is also a room where soldiers or sailors eat, and an animal's droppings can be called mess.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
8	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	droppings	dropping	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
21	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mess | a room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | present | soldiers or sailors |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** | can · passive |  | a animal's droppings |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your bedroom is a mess!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x1:1
# text = Your bedroom is a mess!
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your bedroom | a mess |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who made this mess on the kitchen floor?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x2:1
# text = Who made this mess on the kitchen floor?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past |  | this mess |  | the kitchen floor |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mess=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I spilt paint and made a big mess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x3:1
# text = I spilt paint and made a big mess.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spilt	spilt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spilt** | past | I | paint |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | I *not said here* | a big mess |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mess=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please clean up your mess before lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x4:1
# text = Please clean up your mess before lunch.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean up** | imperative | you *not said here* | your mess |  |  | before lunch |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mess=Patient |
| 2 | **mess** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mess «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I messed up the first question, so I rubbed it out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x5:1
# text = I messed up the first question, so I rubbed it out.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	messed	mess	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mess up** | past | I | the first question |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rub out** | past | I | question |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop messing about and finish your work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x6:1
# text = Stop messing about and finish your work.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	messing	mess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	about	about	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	finish	finish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mess about** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **finish** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your work |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality work=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't mess with the oven knobs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x7:1
# text = Don't mess with the oven knobs.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	mess	mess	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	knobs	knob	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mess** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the oven knobs | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game was a mess after it started to rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x8:1
# text = The game was a mess after it started to rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the game | a mess |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | past | game | rain |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy left a mess on the carpet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x9:1
# text = The puppy left a mess on the carpet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the puppy | a mess |  | the carpet |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mess=Theme on carpet=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Woe is me," thinks the Pope; "here's a mess!"

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:mess:x10:1
# text = "Woe is me," thinks the Pope; "here's a mess!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
7	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Woe *not said here* | Woe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Woe | the Pope |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot pope=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | a mess |  | here |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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