---
title: messaging — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «messaging» in the school dictionary: the way a politician or company shapes what they say to make people think a certain way; spin or propaganda. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# messaging

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**Who acts:** politician, people, company, Chat, Messaging apps, you · **What happens:** shape, say, make, think, send, work · **To what, where:** way, people, certain way, text, party, mates · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«messaging» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [messaging in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/messaging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: euphemism, jargon — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the way a politician or company shapes what they say to make people think a certain way; spin or propaganda.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:m1:1
# text = the way a politician or company shapes what they say to make people think a certain way; spin or propaganda.
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	shapes	shape	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	spin	spin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | present | a politician or company | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | politician |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | people *not said here* | a certain way |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
sending text or online messages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:m2:1
# text = sending text or online messages.
1	sending	send	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	online	online	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | gerund |  | text or online messages |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent text=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The party worked on its messaging before the election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:x1:1
# text = The party worked on its messaging before the election.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	messaging	messaging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | participle |  | the party *not said here* |  |  | before the election | on party's messaging | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on messaging=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
News: The company's messaging about prices was misleading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:x2:1
# text = News: The company's messaging about prices was misleading.
1	News	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	messaging	message	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	misleading	misleading	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **message** | gerund | the company *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about prices | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the company |  |  |  |  | misleading *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chat: messaging my mates on the app

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:x3:1
# text = Chat: messaging my mates on the app
1	Chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	messaging	message	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mates	mate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **message** | gerund | Chat *not said here* | my mates |  | the app |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The campaign's messaging focused on safety.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:x4:1
# text = The campaign's messaging focused on safety.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	messaging	message	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	focused	focus	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **message** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **focus** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | on safety | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on safety=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Messaging apps let you send photos and voice notes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:messaging:x5:1
# text = Messaging apps let you send photos and voice notes.
1	Messaging	message	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **message** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | Messaging apps | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | infinitive | you *not said here* | photos and voice notes |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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