---
title: metamorphism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «metamorphism» in the school dictionary: The change of rocks by great heat and pressure deep in the Earth, without melting them, so they become new kinds of rock (metamorphic rocks). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# metamorphism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** change, rocks, Metamorphism, Heat, teacher · **What happens:** melt, become, change, turn, cause, be · **To what, where:** heat, new kinds, limestone, marble, metamorphism, part

<!-- .vabout -->
«metamorphism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [metamorphism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/metamorphism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The change of rocks by great heat and pressure deep in the Earth, without melting them, so they become new kinds of rock (metamorphic rocks).

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:m1:1
# text = The change of rocks by great heat and pressure deep in the Earth, without melting them, so they become new kinds of rock (metamorphic rocks).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	melting	melt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	xcomp	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	metamorphic	metamorphic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | gerund | the change of rocks by great heat in the Earth and pressure *not said here* | heat |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient they=Result |
| 2 | **become** | present | the change of rocks by great heat in the Earth and pressure | new kinds of rock |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **change** |  | rocks |  |  |  |  |  | nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Metamorphism turns limestone into marble.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:x1:1
# text = Metamorphism turns limestone into marble.
1	Metamorphism	metamorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	marble	marble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Metamorphism | limestone |  | marble |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent limestone=Theme into marble=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Slate forms from shale by metamorphism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:x2:1
# text = Slate forms from shale by metamorphism.
1	Slate	slate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	shale	shale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	metamorphism	metamorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heat and pressure cause metamorphism deep underground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:x3:1
# text = Heat and pressure cause metamorphism deep underground.
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	metamorphism	metamorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Heat and pressure | metamorphism |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition metamorphism=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Metamorphism is part of the rock cycle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:x4:1
# text = Metamorphism is part of the rock cycle.
1	Metamorphism	metamorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Metamorphism | part |  |  |  | of the rock cycle | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rocks near hot magma can change by contact metamorphism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:x5:1
# text = Rocks near hot magma can change by contact metamorphism.
1	Rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	near	near	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	metamorphism	metamorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | can | Rocks near hot magma |  |  |  |  | by contact metamorphism | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher showed us rocks changed by metamorphism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:metamorphism:x6:1
# text = Our teacher showed us rocks changed by metamorphism.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	metamorphism	metamorphism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our teacher | rocks | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient rock=Topic |
| 2 | **change** | participle |  | rocks *not said here* |  |  |  | by metamorphism | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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