---
title: miaou — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «miaou» in the school dictionary: The sound a cat makes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# miaou

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sound, Miaou, kitten, cats, word, miaous · **What happens:** make, miaou, say, let in, give, be · **To what, where:** sound, cat, door, little cat, back door, tiny miaou · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«miaou» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [miaou in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/miaou.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound a cat makes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:m1:1
# text = The sound a cat makes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make this sound: «The cat miaoued at the door».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:m2:1
# text = To make this sound: «The cat miaoued at the door».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	miaoued	miaou	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | this sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 2 | **miaou** *in a quote* | participle |  | the cat *not said here* |  | the door |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Miaou!» said the little cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x1:1
# text = «Miaou!» said the little cat.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Miaou | the little cat |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cat=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat miaoued at the back door to be let in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x2:1
# text = The cat miaoued at the back door to be let in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	miaoued	miaou	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **miaou** | participle |  | the cat *not said here* |  | the back door |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let in** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient» |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our kitten gives a tiny miaou when she is hungry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x3:1
# text = Our kitten gives a tiny miaou when she is hungry.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Our kitten | a tiny miaou |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent miaou=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | kitten |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In French books cats say «miaou».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x4:1
# text = In French books cats say «miaou».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | cats | miaou |  | French books |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent miaou=Theme in book=Manner |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Miaou» is a word that sounds like the noise it names.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x5:1
# text = «Miaou» is a word that sounds like the noise it names.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	names	name	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Miaou | a word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | a word |  |  |  |  | like the noise | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **name** | present | Miaou | the noise *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent noise=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat's miaous woke me up at five o'clock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x6:1
# text = The cat's miaous woke me up at five o'clock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	miaous	miaou	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake up** | past | the cat's miaous | me |  | five o'clock |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 2 | **miaou** |  | the cat |  |  |  |  |  | nom miaou «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I heard a sad miaou from the shed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x7:1
# text = I heard a sad miaou from the shed.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | I | a sad miaou |  | the shed |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent miaou=Topic from shed=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dogs say «woof», cats say «miaou».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x8:1
# text = Dogs say «woof», cats say «miaou».
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	woof	woof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Dogs | woof |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent woof=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | cats | miaou |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent miaou=Topic |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Miaou!" said Old Tom in answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:miaou:x9:1
# text = "Miaou!" said Old Tom in answer.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Miaou	miaou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Miaou |  |  | answer |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in answer=Manner |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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