---
title: midwinter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «midwinter» in the school dictionary: Midwinter is the middle of winter, the coldest and darkest part. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# midwinter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Midwinter, People, midwinter sun, carol, It, towns · **What happens:** be, gather, set, snow, hold · **To what, where:** middle, winter solstice, northern half, shortest day, Stonehenge, Australia

<!-- .vabout -->
«midwinter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [midwinter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/midwinter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Midwinter is the middle of winter, the coldest and darkest part.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:m1:1
# text = Midwinter is the middle of winter, the coldest and darkest part.
1	Midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	coldest	cold	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	darkest	dark	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	conj	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Midwinter | the middle and the coldest part |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Midwinter is the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year, in late December in the northern half of the world and in June in the southern half.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:m2:1
# text = Midwinter is the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year, in late December in the northern half of the world and in June in the southern half.
1	Midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	solstice	solstice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	June	June	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Midwinter | the winter solstice |  | the northern half of the world and June in the southern half | december |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Midwinter is the shortest day of the year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x1:1
# text = Midwinter is the shortest day of the year.
1	Midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Midwinter | the shortest day |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People gather at Stonehenge at midwinter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x2:1
# text = People gather at Stonehenge at midwinter.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | present | People |  |  | Stonehenge |  | at midwinter | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, midwinter is in June.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x3:1
# text = In Australia, midwinter is in June.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	June	June	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | midwinter |  |  | Australia |  | in June | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The midwinter sun sets very early.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x4:1
# text = The midwinter sun sets very early.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sets	set	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | present | the midwinter sun |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carol «In the Bleak Midwinter» is a famous Christmas song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x5:1
# text = The carol «In the Bleak Midwinter» is a famous Christmas song.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carol	carol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	In	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Bleak	bleak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Midwinter	Midwinter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the carol | a famous Christmas song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It snowed heavily in midwinter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x6:1
# text = It snowed heavily in midwinter.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	snowed	snow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snow** | past | It |  |  | midwinter |  | heavily *property* | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some towns hold midwinter festivals with lanterns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:midwinter:x7:1
# text = Some towns hold midwinter festivals with lanterns.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	festivals	festival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lanterns	lantern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | some towns | midwinter festivals |  |  |  | with lanterns | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent festival=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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