---
title: milestone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «milestone» in the school dictionary: A stone by the side of a road showing how many miles it is to a town. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# milestone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** road, old milestone, Walking, school, Toad, Losing · **What happens:** show, be, say, reach, read, speed · **To what, where:** many miles, London 12 miles, big milestone, milestone, 500 books, motor car · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«milestone» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [milestone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/milestone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stone by the side of a road showing how many miles it is to a town.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:m1:1
# text = A stone by the side of a road showing how many miles it is to a town.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | gerund | a road *not said here* | many miles |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mile=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | road | many miles *not said here* |  |  |  | to a town | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An important event or step in someone's life or in a project, like a first word or a 100th birthday.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:m2:1
# text = An important event or step in someone's life or in a project, like a first word or a 100th birthday.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	amod	_	_
18	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	100th	100th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	22	amod	_	_
22	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old milestone said «London 12 miles».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x1:1
# text = The old milestone said «London 12 miles».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the old milestone | London 12 miles |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent mile=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking was a big milestone for my baby brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x2:1
# text = Walking was a big milestone for my baby brother.
1	Walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Walking | a big milestone |  |  |  | for my baby brother | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school reached a milestone: 500 books read!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x3:1
# text = Our school reached a milestone: 500 books read!
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
9	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | Our school | a milestone |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent milestone=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | participle |  | 500 books *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad sped past milestone after milestone in his motor car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x4:1
# text = Toad sped past milestone after milestone in his motor car.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sped	speed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	past	past	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speed** | past | Toad |  |  | Toad's motor car | after milestone | past milestone | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent past milestone=Initial\_Location in car=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing your first tooth is a milestone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x5:1
# text = Losing your first tooth is a milestone.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | your first tooth |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Losing | a milestone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans put milestones along their roads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x6:1
# text = The Romans put milestones along their roads.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	milestones	milestone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the Romans | milestones |  | Romans's roads |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent milestone=Theme along road=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finishing the project was an important milestone for the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x7:1
# text = Finishing the project was an important milestone for the class.
1	Finishing	finish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | gerund |  | the project |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality project=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Finishing | a important milestone |  |  |  | for the class | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Prince hurried to the town, but Hyacinthia remained behind disguised as a white milestone on the road.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:milestone:x8:1
# text = The Prince hurried to the town, but Hyacinthia remained behind disguised as a white milestone on the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurried	hurry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	Hyacinthia	Hyacinthia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	disguised	disguise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	milestone	milestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurry** | past | the Prince |  |  | the town |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to town=Destination |
| 2 | **disguise** | past · passive |  | Hyacinthia |  |  |  | as a white milestone on the road; behind *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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